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1447 Deaths
Year 1447 ( MCDXLVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * March 6 – Pope Nicholas V succeeds Pope Eugene IV, to become the 208th pope. * March 16 – A major fire destroys the centre of Valencia. * July 15 – The Spanish Inquisition is revived. * December **Vlad II Dracul, ruler of Wallachia, and his eldest son Mircea are assassinated. Vladislav II succeeds him, with the assistance of John Hunyadi. **The Albanian–Venetian War of 1447–48 begins. Date unknown * Roman II seizes the throne of Moldavia after killing his uncle, Stephen II, and will have his other uncle, Petru as co-ruler. * The Siege of Soest occurs, in the course of the Soest Feud. * According to '' Ryūs own sources, Iizasa Ienao founds ''Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū'', the earliest historically verifiable Japanese '' koryū'' martial art, that is still extant in modern times. Bir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Numerals
Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers are written with combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet, each letter with a fixed integer value, modern style uses only these seven: The use of Roman numerals continued long after the decline of the Roman Empire. From the 14th century on, Roman numerals began to be replaced by Arabic numerals; however, this process was gradual, and the use of Roman numerals persists in some applications to this day. One place they are often seen is on clock faces. For instance, on the clock of Big Ben (designed in 1852), the hours from 1 to 12 are written as: The notations and can be read as "one less than five" (4) and "one less than ten" (9), although there is a tradition favouring representation of "4" as "" on Roman numeral clocks. Other common uses include year numbers on monuments and buildings and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albanian–Venetian War
The Albanian–Venetian War of 1447–48 was waged between Venetian and Ottoman forces against the Albanians under George Kastrioti Skanderbeg. The war was the result of a dispute between the Republic and the Dukagjini family over the possession of the Dagnum fortress. Skanderbeg, then ally of the Dukagjini family, moved against several Venetian held towns along the Albanian coastline, in order to pressure the Venetians into restoring Dagnum. In response, the Republic sent a local force to relieve the besieged fortress of Dagnum, and urged the Ottoman Empire to send an expeditionary force into Albania. At that time the Ottomans were already besieging the fortress of Svetigrad, stretching Skanderbeg's efforts thin. However, the League of Lezhë defeated both the Venetian forces and the Ottoman expedition. The League won over the Venetian forces on 23 July 1448 at the gates of Scutari, and over the Ottomans three weeks later, on 14 August 1448, at the Battle of Oronichea. The R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
February 1
Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights (Prussia). 1601–1900 * 1662 – The Chinese general Koxinga seizes the island of Taiwan after a nine-month siege. * 1713 – The ''Kalabalik'' or ''Skirmish at Bender'' results from the Ottoman sultan's order that his unwelcome guest, King Charles XII of Sweden, be seized. * 1793 – French Revolutionary Wars: France declares war on the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. *1796 – The capital of Upper Canada is moved from Newark to York. * 1814 – Mayon in the Philippines erupts, killing around 1,200 people, the most devastating eruption of the volcano. * 1835 – Slavery is abolished in Mauritius. *1861 – American Civil War: Texas secedes from the United States and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martial Art
Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practiced for a number of reasons such as self-defense; military and law enforcement applications; competition; physical, mental, and spiritual development; entertainment; and the preservation of a nation's intangible cultural heritage. Etymology According to Paul Bowman, the term ''martial arts'' was popularized by mainstream popular culture during the 1960s to 1970s, notably by Hong Kong martial arts films (most famously those of Bruce Lee) during the so-called "chopsocky" wave of the early 1970s. According to John Clements, the term ''martial arts'' itself is derived from an older Latin term meaning "arts of Mars", the Roman god of war, and was used to refer to the combat systems of Europe (European martial arts) as early as the 1550s. The term martial science, or martial sciences, was commonly used to refer to the fighting arts of East Asia (Asian martial arts) up until the 1970s, while the term ''Chinese boxing'' wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, and Taiwan in the south. Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire, and spans Japanese archipelago, an archipelago of List of islands of Japan, 6852 islands covering ; the five main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu (the "mainland"), Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa Island, Okinawa. Tokyo is the Capital of Japan, nation's capital and largest city, followed by Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, and Kyoto. Japan is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eleventh most populous country in the world, as well as one of the List of countries and dependencies by population density, most densely populated and Urbanization by country, urbanized. About three-fourths of Geography of Japan, the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū
Written as 天眞正傳香取神道流 before adoption (1946) of Tōyō kanji. is one of the oldest extant Japanese martial arts, and an exemplar of '' bujutsu''. The Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū was founded by Iizasa Ienao, born in 1387 in Iizasa village (modern Takomachi, Chiba Prefecture), who was living near Katori Shrine ( Sawara City, Chiba Prefecture) at the time. The '' ryū'' gives 1447 as the year it was founded, but some scholars state that it was about 1480.The year 1387 is given as Iizasa's birth year in ''Deity and the Sword'', Vol 1 pp. 16–17. Watatani (1967) speculates that 1417–1420 is correct. History Foundation Iizasa Ienao (飯篠 長威斎 家直 ''Iizasa Chōi-sai Ienao'', c.1387 – c.1488) was a respected spearman and swordsman whose ''daimyō'' was deposed, encouraging him to relinquish control of his household to conduct purification rituals and study martial arts in isolation.Amdur, Ellis (2002). ''Old School: Essays on Japan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iizasa Ienao
was the founder of Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū which is a traditional ('' koryū'') Japanese martial art. His Buddhist posthumous name is ''Taiganin-den-Taira-no-Ason-Iga-no-Kami-Raiodo-Hon-Daikoji''.''Deity and the Sword, Vol 1 p. 16-17. He was reputed to be a respected spearman and swordsman who served the Chiba family in what is today Chiba Prefecture. When his hometown was destroyed he began wandering the land until he settled down near the Katori Shrine The is a Shintō shrine in the city of Katori in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Shimōsa Province, and is the head shrine of the approximately 400 Katori shrines around the country (located primarily in the Kantō ... and founded the Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū in c.1447. References * De Lange, William (2006). ''Famous Japanese Swordsmen: The Warring States Period'', Floating World Editions. * Otake, Risuke (1977). ''The Deity and the Sword - Katori Shinto-ryu'', Vol 1, J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ryū (school)
is the Japanese term referring to a school in any discipline. The kanji itself is commonly used as a suffix. In English, the word is frequently used to refer to schools of Japanese martial art, although it can also be found used in other disciplines (for example Nihon- koryū and Sōgetsu-ryū in ikebana, Kantei-ryū in calligraphy, etc.). In the martial arts Japanese martial arts are often classified and codified into . Usually a given style will have its own curriculum, ranks and licensure system. These may be based on the parent style or a combination of sources that form the background of the system. The name of a style may have particular meaning or may simply be a location. Toyama-ryū is named for the Toyama Military Academy in Japan. In contrast, Gōjū-ryū is the ' hard-soft' style, which indicates both characteristic techniques and thematic elements that form a 'signature' of the style. Sometimes this is merged or confused with the name of the dojo A is a hal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soest Feud
The Soest Feud (german: Soester Fehde), or Feud of Soest, was a feud that took place from 1444 to 1449 in which the town of Soest claimed its freedom from Archbishop Dietrich of Cologne (1414–1463), who tried to restore his rule. The town of Soest opposed this attempt on 5 June 1444 by accepting a new suzerain, John I, the Duke of Cleves-Mark, who guaranteed the town its old rights as well as new ones. As a result Emperor Frederick III imposed the imperial ban on the town. The victory of the town (as a result of the Archbishop of Cologne abandoning his attempt) meant that Soest had ''de facto'' more freedom than a free imperial city until it was annexed by Prussia, but at the same time it had to forfeit its economic power because it was now an enclave within Cologne's territory. References Sources * Joseph Hansen (ed.): ''The Chroniken der deutschen Städte vom 14. bis 16. Jahrhundert,'' Bd. 21: ''Soest.'' Leipzig, 1889 eprint: Stuttgart, 1969 inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soest, Germany
Soest (, as if it were 'Sohst'; Westphalian: ''Saust'') is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the capital of the Soest district. Geography Soest is located along the ''Hellweg'' road, approximately south-west of Lippstadt, roughly east of Dortmund and roughly west of Paderborn. Neighbouring places *Bad Sassendorf *Ense *Lippetal *Möhnesee *Werl *Welver Legends The Norwegian Þiðrekssaga from the 13th century, a series of tales about the Gothic King Theoderic the Great, identifies Soest (called Susat) as the capital of Attila's (?–453) Hunnic Empire. The actual location of Attila's capital has not been determined. History Owing to its fertile soil (predominantly brown silty clay loam), the area around Soest is believed to have been settled well before the village is first mentioned in the ''Dagobertsche Schenkung'' in 836. Excavations in recent decades have uncovered signs of habitation stretching back more than 4000 years. During the 11th and 12th ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petru III Of Moldavia
Petru of Moldavia (1422 – 1452) was hospodar & voivode of Moldavia, and son of Alexandru cel Bun. He is traditionally believed to be the second ruler of Moldavia bearing this regnal name, though some historians (based on a Polish chronicle) have posited another Petru had ruled Moldavia in the late 14th century, making him the third Petru(Peter) in regnal order. He co-ruled Moldavia with his brother, Stephen II of Moldavia, during 1444-1445, in 1447-1448 with Roman II of Moldavia, and in Feb-Oct 1448 alone. He came to power to his first and last rules with help from Hungary's Governor General John Hunyadi. According to Polish chronicler Jan Duglosz, Petru married in January 1448, when he was still 25 years of age, Hunyadi's older sister (name unknown) who was 50 years old at that time. During his reign, a 3000 men cavalry contingent supported John Hunyadi's 1448 campaign, that ended with the second Battle of Kosovo (1448). Petru III also ceded fortress of Chilia/Kilija (nowaday ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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