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1253 In Poetry ...
Events {{Empty section, date=July 2010 Works published *the troubadour Englés and an anonymous jongleur compose a ''tenso'' debating the merits of the court of Theobald I of Navarre Births * Amir Khusro (died 1325), Sufi, writing in Persian and Hindustani Deaths * Fujiwara Toshinari no Musume died 1252 or 1253 (born 1171), Japanese poet * Ahmad al-Tifashi (born 1184), Arabic poet, writer, and anthologist, in Tunisia * Theobald I of Navarre (born 1201), a French trouvère 13th-century poetry Poetry Poetry (derived from the Greek ''poiesis'', "making"), also called verse, is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language − such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre − to evoke meanings i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troubadour
A troubadour (, ; oc, trobador ) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350). Since the word ''troubadour'' is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a ''trobairitz''. The troubadour school or tradition began in the late 11th century in Occitania, but it subsequently spread to the Italian and Iberian Peninsulas. Under the influence of the troubadours, related movements sprang up throughout Europe: the Minnesang in Germany, ''trovadorismo'' in Galicia and Portugal, and that of the trouvères in northern France. Dante Alighieri in his ''De vulgari eloquentia'' defined the troubadour lyric as ''fictio rethorica musicaque poita'': rhetorical, musical, and poetical fiction. After the "classical" period around the turn of the 13th century and a mid-century resurgence, the art of the troubadours declined in the 14th century and around the time of the Black Death (1348) it died out. The texts of troubadou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Englés
Engles (fl. 1253), also spelled Englés, was a Navarrese jongleur and troubadour of the mid 13th century. His lone '' tenso'' survives only in fragments and is chiefly of interest to historians for its commentary on court life in Pamplona under Theobald I. The jongleur with whom Engles is debating is anonymous. The poem has been dated to 1253. First, Engles accuses Theobald of avarice and thriftiness, to which the anonymous replies that Engles—whose name implies that he was English—is anti-French (since Theobald was a Frenchman). Engles finishes the poem by indicating that he is leaving Pamplona for the court of Aragon. Engles makes humorous use of a pun on the words ''cort'' (court) and ''corta'' (short): Peire Guilhem de Tolosa also attacked Theobald I of Navarres, who was a prolific trouvère and commissioner of the ''chansonnier A chansonnier ( ca, cançoner, oc, cançonièr, Galician and pt, cancioneiro, it, canzoniere or ''canzoniéro'', es, cancion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jongleur
A minstrel was an entertainer, initially in medieval Europe. It originally described any type of entertainer such as a musician, juggler, acrobat, singer or fool; later, from the sixteenth century, it came to mean a specialist entertainer who sang songs and played musical instruments. Description Minstrels performed songs which told stories of distant places or of existing or imaginary historical events. Although minstrels created their own tales, often they would memorize and embellish the works of others. Frequently they were retained by royalty and high society. As the courts became more sophisticated, minstrels were eventually replaced at court by the troubadours, and many became wandering minstrels, performing in the streets; a decline in their popularity began in the late 15th century. Minstrels fed into later traditions of travelling entertainers, which continued to be moderately strong into the early 20th century, and which has some continuity in the form of today's bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenso
A ''tenso'' (; french: tençon) is a style of troubadour song. It takes the form of a debate in which each voice defends a position; common topics relate to love or ethics. Usually, the tenso is written by two different poets, but several examples exist in which one of the parties is imaginary, including God (Peire de Vic), the poet's horse (Gui de Cavalhon) or his cloak (Bertran Carbonel). Closely related, and sometimes overlapping, genres include: * the ''partimen'', in which more than two voices discuss a subject * the ''cobla esparsa'' or ''cobla exchange'', a tenso of two stanzas only * the ''contenson'', where the matter is eventually judged by a third party. Notable examples *Marcabru and Uc Catola''Amics Marchabrun, car digam'' possibly the earliest known example. *Cercamon and Guilhalmi''Car vei finir a tot dia'' another candidate for the earliest known example. *Raimbaut d'Aurenga and Giraut de Bornelh''Ara·m platz, Giraut de Borneill'' where major exponents of the two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theobald I Of Navarre
Theobald I (french: Thibaut, es, Teobaldo; 30 May 1201 – 8 July 1253), also called the Troubadour and the Posthumous, was Count of Champagne (as Theobald IV) from birth and King of Navarre from 1234. He initiated the Barons' Crusade, was famous as a trouvère, and was the first Frenchman to rule Navarre. Rule of Champagne Regency of Champagne Born in Troyes, he was the son of Theobald III of Champagne and Blanche of Navarre, the youngest daughter of Sancho VI of Navarre. His father died less than a week before he was born, and Blanche ruled the county as regent until Theobald turned twenty-one in 1222. He was a notable trouvère, and many of his songs have survived, including some with music. The first half of Theobald's life was plagued by a number of difficulties. His uncle, Count Henry II, had left behind a great deal of debt, which was far from paid off when Theobald's father died. Further, Theobald's right to the succession was challenged by Henry's daughter Philippa an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amir Khusro
Abu'l Hasan Yamīn ud-Dīn Khusrau (1253–1325 AD), better known as Amīr Khusrau was an Indo-Persian Sufi singer, musician, poet and scholar who lived under the Delhi Sultanate. He is an iconic figure in the cultural history of the Indian subcontinent. He was a mystic and a spiritual disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi, India. He wrote poetry primarily in Persian, but also in Hindavi. A vocabulary in verse, the ''Ḳhāliq Bārī'', containing Arabic, Persian and Hindavi terms is often attributed to him. Khusrau is sometimes referred to as the "voice of India" or "Parrot of India" (''Tuti-e-Hind''), and has been called the "father of Urdu literature." Khusrau is regarded as the "father of qawwali" (a devotional form of singing of the Sufis in the Indian subcontinent), and introduced the ghazal style of song into India, both of which still exist widely in India and Pakistan. Khusrau was an expert in many styles of Persian poetry which were developed in medieval Persia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1325 In Poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). Events 1324: * May 3 ( Holy Cross Day): The Consistori del Gay Saber, founded the previous year in Toulouse to revive and perpetuate the lyric poetry of the Old Occitan troubadors, holds its first contest. Arnaut Vidal de Castelnou d'Ari wins the ''violeta d'or'' (golden violet) for a '' sirventes'' in praise of the Virgin Mary. At about this date, Raimon de Cornet writes in support of the aims of the Gay Saber. 1327: * April 6 (Good Friday): Tuscan writer Petrarch sees a woman he names Laura in the church of Sainte-Claire d'Avignon, which awakes in him a lasting passion. He writes a series of sonnets and other poems in Italian dedicated to her, which are collected into '' Il Canzoniere'', an influential model for Renaissance culture. Works created 1310 * Amir Khusrow writes ''Khazain-ul-Futuh'' 1315–16 * Amir Khusrow writes the masnavi ''Du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sufi
Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ritualism, asceticism and esotericism. It has been variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, ''What is Sufism?'' (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the mystical expression of Islamic faith", "the inward dimension of Islam", "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam", the "main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization" of mystical practice in Islam, and "the interiorization and intensification of Islamic faith and practice". Practitioners of Sufism are referred to as "Sufis" (from , ), and historically typically belonged to "orders" known as (pl. ) – congregations formed around a grand who would be the last in a chain of successive teachers linking back to Muha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fujiwara Toshinari No Musume
, 1171? – 1252?, Previously published as ''The Burning Heart'' by The Seabury Press. was a Japanese poet; she was probably the greatest female poet of her day, ranked with Princess Shikishi. Although she was called Shunzei's Daughter, Shunzei was in fact her grandfather, and her birth father's name was Fujiwara no Moriyori. Her grandfather was the noted poet Fujiwara no Shunzei, and her half-uncle was Fujiwara no Teika, who thought enough of her talents to seek her out for advice and criticism after Shunzei died, although she did not hesitate to castigate him when he completed the ''Shinchokusen Wakashū'', for Teika had turned against his former ideal poetic style of ''yoen'' (ethereal beauty) while Shunzei's Daughter had not- thus she found Teika's previous efforts to be markedly inferior, and even according to Donald Keene, "declared that if it had not been compiled by Teika she would have refused even to take it into her hands." (in a letter sent to Fujiwara no Tameie, Tei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1171 In Poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). Events 1170: * Peire d'Alvernhe probably wrote ''Chantarai d'aquest trobadors'' during the summertime at Puivert 1173: * Giraut de Bornelh composed a '' planh'' on the death of Raimbaut of Orange Works published ''Approximate date'' *Serlo of Wilton, "Linquo coax ranis" Births Death years link to the corresponding " earin poetry" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1170: * Gaucelm Faidit (died 1202), Occitan troubadour (approx.) * Hartmann von Aue (died 1210), German poet of the Middle High German period * Wolfram von Eschenbach (died 1220), German knight and poet; as a Minnesinger, he also wrote lyric poetry * Pons d'Ortaffa (died 1246), Catalan nobleman and troubadour * Sighvatr Sturluson (died 1238 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Al-Tifashi
Ahmad al-Tifashi whose full name is Shihab al-Din Abu al-Abbās Aḥmad ibn Yusuf al-Ḳaysi al-Tifachi (), born in Tifash, a village near Gafsa in Tunisia (1184 – died 1253 in Cairo) was an Arabic poet, writer, and anthologist, best known for his work ''A Promenade of the Hearts'' ().Ahmad al-Tifachi, ''Les Délices des cœurs ou ce que l'on ne trouve en aucun livre'', traduction de René R. Khawam, éd. Phébus, Paris, 1981, pp. 15-16. "Il naquit donc à Tifâche de Gafsa en 1184" Biography Little is known of al-Tifashi's life. He appears to have lived mostly in Tunis, Cairo, and Damascus, although he may even have been nomadic. He was highly educated and cultured. He compiled ''A Promenade of the Hearts'', a 12-chapter anthology of Arabic poetry and jokes about erotic and sexual practices, that featured both heterosexual and homoerotic entries with a bias towards the latter. A French translation by René R. Khawam, based on an Arabic copy held in Paris, was published as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1184 In Poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). Events 1181: *Bertran de Born's first datable poem, a ''sirventes'' 1183: * Ordering of the Senzai Wakashū, an imperial Japanese poetry anthology * Bertran de Born composed a ''planh'', "Mon chan fenisc ab dol et ab maltraire", on the death of Henry the Young King. Rigaut de Berbezill composed another, "Si tuit li dol e.l plor e.l marrimen", as did Peire Raimon de Tolosa. 1187: * Compilation of the Senzai Wakashū, ordered in 1183 Works published 1180: * Approx. date of ''Khusraw and Shirin'' by Nezami Births Death years link to the corresponding " earin poetry" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1180: * August 6 - Emperor Go-Toba (died 1239), Japanese Emperor, calligrapher, painter, musician, poet, cri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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