|
1999 Düzce Earthquake
The 1999 Düzce earthquake occurred on 12 November at with a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent''), causing damage and at least 845 fatalities in Düzce, Turkey. The epicenter was approximately to the east of the extremely destructive 1999 İzmit earthquake that happened a few months earlier. Both strike-slip earthquakes were caused by movement on the North Anatolian Fault. Tectonic setting The western and central parts of Turkey lie on the eastern part of the Anatolian Plate, which is currently being forced to the west by the continuing northward movement of the Arabian Plate. In northern Turkey, this westward motion is taken up by a major zone of dextral (right-lateral) strike-slip, the North Anatolian Fault. The 1999 Düzce event is the most recent in a sequence of large earthquakes that have affected the North Anatolian Fault, starting towards the eastern end with the 1939 Erzincan earthquake, then propagating towards the west with event ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Anatolian Fault
The North Anatolian Fault (NAF) ( tr, Kuzey Anadolu Fay Hattı) is an active right-lateral strike-slip fault in northern Anatolia, and is the transform boundary between the Eurasian Plate and the Anatolian Plate. The fault extends westward from a junction with the East Anatolian Fault at the Karliova Triple Junction in eastern Turkey, across northern Turkey and into the Aegean Sea for a length of 1500 kilometers. It runs about 20 km south of Istanbul. The North Anatolian Fault is similar in many ways to the San Andreas Fault in California. Both are continental transforms with similar lengths and slip rates. The Sea of Marmara near Istanbul is an extensional basin similar to the Salton Trough in California, where a releasing bend in the strike-slip system creates a pull-apart basin. Significant earthquakes Since the disastrous 1939 Erzincan earthquake, there have been seven earthquakes measuring over 7.0 in magnitude, each happening at a point progressively further w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1957 Abant Earthquake
The 1957 Abant earthquake occurred at 8:33am on 26 May, in Turkey. The earthquake had an estimated surface wave magnitude of 7.1 and a maximum felt intensity of IX (''Violent'') on the Mercalli intensity scale, causing 52 fatalities and 101 injuries. Five thousand homes were damaged as a result of the earthquake. See also * List of earthquakes in 1957 * List of earthquakes in Turkey This is a list of earthquakes in Turkey, including any notable historical earthquakes that have epicenters within the current boundaries of Turkey, or which caused significant effects in this area. Overall, the population in major cities like Ist ... References External links * 1957 Abant 1957 earthquakes 1957 in Turkey History of Bolu Province May 1957 events in Europe 1957 disasters in Turkey {{Turkey-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Geophysical Data Center
The United States National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) provided scientific stewardship, products and services for geophysical data describing the solid earth, marine, and solar-terrestrial environment, as well as earth observations from space. In 2015, NGDC was merged with the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) into the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). Location and controlling bodies The NGDC, was located in Boulder, Colorado as a part of the US Department of Commerce (USDOC), National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS). Data holdings NGDC's data holdings contained more than 300 digital and analog databases, some of which were very large. As technology advanced, so did the search for more efficient ways of preserving these data. This data is now maintained by the NCEI. Data contributors NGDC worked closely with contri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Earthquakes In Turkey
This is a list of earthquakes in Turkey, including any notable historical earthquakes that have epicenters within the current boundaries of Turkey, or which caused significant effects in this area. Overall, the population in major cities like Istanbul resides in structures that are a mix of vulnerable and earthquake resistant construction. The predominant vulnerable building types are adobe block and stone block masonry construction. This list is incomplete. Tectonic setting Turkey is a seismically active area within the complex zone of collision between the Eurasian Plate and both the African and Arabian Plates. Much of the country lies on the Anatolian Plate, a small plate bounded by two major strike-slip fault zones, the North Anatolian Fault and East Anatolian Fault. The western part of the country is also affected by the zone of extensional tectonics in the Aegean Sea caused by the southward migration of the Hellenic arc. The easternmost part of Turkey lies on the western ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Earthquakes In 1999
This is a list of earthquakes in 1999. Only earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above are included, unless they result in damage and/or casualties, or are notable for some other reason. All dates are listed according to UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) time. Compared to other years Overall By death toll * By magnitude * By month January * China was struck by a magnitude 4.5 quake that occurred on January 5 at a depth of . Two people were injured and some livestock were killed in Ninglang County. * Tonga was struck by a magnitude 6.0 quake that occurred on January 5 at a depth of . * Papua New Guinea was struck by a magnitude 6.0 quake that occurred on January 12 at a depth of . * Alaska was struck by a magnitude 6.0 quake that occurred on January 16 at a depth of . * Papua New Guinea was struck by a magnitude 7.0 quake that occurred on January 19 at a depth of . * Kyushu was struck by a magnitude 6.4 quake that occurred on January 24 at a depth of . * Tonga was struck b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disaster And Emergency Management Presidency
The Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency ''reviewed in 10.11.2011'' ( tr, Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, also abbreviated as ''AFAD'') was established in 2009 in Turkey to take necessary measures for effective emergency management and civil protection nationwide in Turkey. The presidency conducts pre-incident work, such as preparedness, mitigation and risk management, during-incident work such as response, and post-incident work such as recovery and reconstruction. AFAD reports to the Turkish Ministry of Interior. Amongst the Governmental, NGO and private institutions, the presidency provides coordination, formulates policies and implements policies. In a disaster and emergency, the AFAD is the sole responsible organization. History Two consecutive major earthquakes in 1999, the[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolu
Bolu is a city in Turkey, and administrative center of the Bolu Province. The population is 131,264 (2012 census). The city has been governed by mayor Tanju Özcan ( CHP) since local elections in 2019. It was the site of Ancient Claudiopolis and has also been called Eskihisar ("old fortress") (and as such has several Turkish namesakes). Bolu is on the old highway from Istanbul to Ankara, which climbs over Mount Bolu, while the new motorway passes through Mount Bolu Tunnel below the town. History Antiquity until the Seljuk Turks Bolu was part of one of the Hittite kingdoms around 2000 BC and later 500 BC became one of the leading cities of the Greek Kingdom of Bithynia (279 BC - 79 BC). Bebryces, Mariandynes, Koukones, Thyns and Paphlagons are native people of the area in antique era. Strabo (XII, 4, 7) mentions a Hellenistic town, Bithynium ( gr, Βιθύνιον), celebrated for its pastures and cheese, which according to Pausanias (VIII, 9) was founded by Arcadia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaynaşlı
Kaynaşlı is a town and a district of Düzce Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in .... The mayor is Birol Şahin. References Populated places in Düzce Province Districts of Düzce Province Towns in Turkey {{Düzce-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supershear Earthquake
In seismology, a supershear earthquake is an earthquake in which the propagation of the rupture along the fault surface occurs at speeds in excess of the seismic shear wave (S-wave) velocity. This causes an effect analogous to a sonic boom. Rupture propagation velocity During seismic events along a fault surface the displacement initiates at the focus and then propagates outwards. Typically for large earthquakes the focus lies towards one end of the slip surface and much of the propagation is unidirectional (e.g. the 2008 Sichuan and 2004 Indian Ocean earthquakes). Theoretical studies have in the past suggested that the upper bound for propagation velocity is that of Rayleigh waves, approximately 0.92 of the shear wave velocity. However, evidence of propagation at velocities between S-wave and compressional wave (P-wave) values have been reported for several earthquakesArchuleta,R.J. 1984A faulting model for the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake J. Geophys. Res., 89, 4559–4585. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S-wave
__NOTOC__ In seismology and other areas involving elastic waves, S waves, secondary waves, or shear waves (sometimes called elastic S waves) are a type of elastic wave and are one of the two main types of elastic body waves, so named because they move through the body of an object, unlike surface wave In physics, a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the Interface (chemistry), interface between differing media. A common example is gravity waves along the surface of liquids, such as ocean waves. Gravity waves can also occu ...s. S waves are transverse waves, meaning that the direction of particle motion of a S wave is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, and the main restoring force comes from shear stress. Therefore, S waves cannot propagate in liquids with zero (or very low) viscosity; however, they may propagate in liquids with high viscosity. The name ''secondary wave'' comes from the fact that they are the second type of wave to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seismometer
A seismometer is an instrument that responds to ground noises and shaking such as caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and explosions. They are usually combined with a timing device and a recording device to form a seismograph. The output of such a device—formerly recorded on paper (see picture) or film, now recorded and processed digitally—is a seismogram. Such data is used to locate and characterize earthquakes, and to study the Earth's internal structure. Basic principles A simple seismometer, sensitive to up-down motions of the Earth, is like a weight hanging from a spring, both suspended from a frame that moves along with any motion detected. The relative motion between the weight (called the mass) and the frame provides a measurement of the vertical ground motion. A rotating drum is attached to the frame and a pen is attached to the weight, thus recording any ground motion in a seismogram. Any movement from the ground moves the frame. The mass tends not to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SPOT (satellite)
SPOT (french: Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre, lit. "Satellite for observation of Earth") is a commercial high-resolution optical Earth imaging satellite system operating from space. It is run by Spot Image, based in Toulouse, France. It was initiated by the CNES (''Centre national d'études spatiales'' – the French space agency) in the 1970s and was developed in association with the SSTC (Belgian scientific, technical and cultural services) and the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB). It has been designed to improve the knowledge and management of the Earth by exploring the Earth's resources, detecting and forecasting phenomena involving climatology and oceanography, and monitoring human activities and natural phenomena. The SPOT system includes a series of satellites and ground control resources for satellite control and programming, image production, and distribution. Earlier satellites were launched using the European Space Agency's Ariane 2, 3, and 4 rocket ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
