1985 United States–Canada Tornado Outbreak
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1985 United States–Canada Tornado Outbreak
The 1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, referred to as the Barrie tornado outbreak in Canada, was a major tornado outbreak that occurred in Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Ontario, on May 31, 1985. In all, 44 tornadoes were counted including 14 in Ontario, Canada. 90 people were killed, with 14 deaths occurring in Canada, and 76 occurring in the United States. It remains the largest and most intense tornado outbreak ever to hit this region, and the worst tornado outbreak in Pennsylvania history in terms of deaths and destruction. Meteorological synopsis The upper air pattern was conducive for a major severe weather event in the Great Lakes that Friday, May 31. An unseasonably deep low-pressure system at 984 hPa crossed out of the Midwestern U.S. through the day, and then into the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Very warm air surged in ahead of this system. Temperatures reached the upper twenties in Celsius (approximately 80–85 Fahrenheit) across much of southern Ontar ...
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Tornadoes Of 1985
This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1985, primarily in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear significantly lower than modern years due to fewer reports or confirmed tornadoes. Synopsis The tornado season of 1985 saw very little action in the winter months, and even the spring wasn't particularly notable until the massive May 31 outbreak, one of the most intense and deadliest in modern American history, which saw 44 tornadoes kill 88 people in Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York and Ontario, Canada. Eight of 1985's ten F4 tornadoes and the one F5 tornado happened during this outbreak. Events Confirmed tornado total for the entire year 1985 in the United States. January There were 2 tornadoes confirmed in the US in January. February There were 7 tornadoes confirmed in the US in February. March There were 38 tornadoes confirmed in the US ...
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New York (state)
New York, also called New York State, is a U.S. state, state in the northeastern United States. Bordered by New England to the east, Canada to the north, and Pennsylvania and New Jersey to the south, its territory extends into both the Atlantic Ocean and the Great Lakes. New York is the List of U.S. states and territories by population, fourth-most populous state in the United States, with nearly 20 million residents, and the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 27th-largest state by area, with a total area of . New York has Geography of New York (state), a varied geography. The southeastern part of the state, known as Downstate New York, Downstate, encompasses New York City, the List of U.S. cities by population, most populous city in the United States; Long Island, with approximately 40% of the state's population, the nation's most populous island; and the cities, suburbs, and wealthy enclaves of the lower Hudson Valley. These areas are the center of the expansive New ...
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Capping Inversion
A capping inversion is an elevated inversion layer that caps a convective planetary boundary layer. The boundary layer is the part of the atmosphere which is closest to the ground. Normally, the sun heats the ground, which in turn heats the air just above it. Thermals form when this warm air rises into the cold air (warm air is less dense than cold air), a process called convection. A convective layer such as this has the potential for cloud formation, since condensation occurs as the warm air rises and cools. An inversion occurs when the normal temperature (warm air below, cold air above) profile is reversed, creating a stable configuration of dense, cold air sitting below lighter, warm air. An elevated inversion layer is thus a region of warm air above a region of cold air, but higher in the atmosphere (generally not touching the surface). A capping inversion occurs when there is a boundary layer with a normal temperature profile (warm air rising into cooler air) and th ...
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Wellington County, Ontario
Wellington County is a county and census division located in Southwestern Ontario, Canada, and is part of the Greater Golden Horseshoe. The county consists of two towns and five townships, with its seat in the City of Guelph, which is geographically within the county but administered independently. According to the 2021 census, the population of the census division was 241,026. Many of the residents in the southern part of the county commute to urban areas such as Guelph, Kitchener, Waterloo, Brampton, Mississauga, Toronto and Hamilton for employment. The northern part of the county (comprising Minto, Mapleton, and Wellington North townships) is made up of mainly rural farming communities, except for a few larger towns such as Mount Forest and Arthur. In 2018, the warden of the county was Kelly Linton, the mayor of Centre Wellington, and there were 14 councillors. Police services are provided by the Ontario Provincial Police. Schools are operated by the Upper Grand ...
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Mount Albert, Ontario
Mount Albert is a village located within the Town of East Gwillimbury and is part of York Region. It is located 65 km north-east of Toronto, 21 km south of Sutton, 45 km west-southwest of Beaverton and 30 km north of Markham. Mount Albert is accessible by Highway 404 and Highway 48. The population is currently about 4,900. Housing developments are slowly continuing north and south of the village. The downtown area is centred at Centre Street and Main Street. The town itself is bordered on the west by Highway 48, which connects Markham and Sutton, on the east by Durham Regional road 30, which serves as the townline between East Gwillimbury and Uxbridge, Doane road to the north and Herald road to the south. Vivian Creek passes through Mount Albert. The outlying area is forested mainly by private woodlots and some regionally owned and maintained pine forests while farmlands are found throughout the area. The major industry is farming (livestock, feed, and pot ...
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Arthur, Ontario
Arthur (population 2,628) is a community located just north of Ontario Highway 6, Highway 6 and Wellington County Road 109, Wellington Road 109 in the township (Canada), township of Wellington North, Ontario, Canada. Formerly an independent village, Arthur was amalgamated into Wellington North on January 1, 1999. History The village was named after Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. Settlers began arriving in 1840. The area was first surveyed in 1841 by John McDonald and then officially in 1846 by D.B. Papineau. During the first survey in 1841, the population of Arthur was 22 people. Over the next 15 years, this number rose to 400, and by 1900, the population had risen to just over 1500. The saw and grist mills on the Conestogo River encouraged people to settle here. In 1851, a post office, church and school were organized. Development increased in 1872 when the train line of the Toronto, Grey and Bruce Railway reached the village, which was incorporated in that year. Th ...
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Simcoe County, Ontario
Simcoe County is a county and census division located in the central region of Ontario, Canada. The county is located north of the Greater Toronto Area, and forms the north western edge of the Golden Horseshoe. The county seat is located in Midhurst. The cities of Barrie and Orillia are geographically within Simcoe County, but are both politically independent single-tier municipalities. Geography Simcoe County stretches from the shores of Lake Simcoe in the east to Georgian Bay in the west. The land area of the county is . The Niagara Escarpment runs through sections of the western part of the county, and the Minesing Wetlands, a Ramsar Convention "Wetland of International Importance", is located in the centre of the county. Simcoe County is informally split into two subregions, “South Simcoe” and “North Simcoe”. The dividing line between these two areas is Simcoe County Road 90 (Mill St.). South Simcoe municipalities are situated at the northern boundary of the Gr ...
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Dufferin County, Ontario
Dufferin County is a county and census division located in Central Ontario, Canada. The county seat is Orangeville, and the current Warden is Janet Horner. The current chief administrative officer is Sonya Pritchard. Dufferin covers an area of , and its population was 66,257 at the time of the 2021 Census. History It was originally organized as the "Provisional County of Dufferin", with preparatory work authorized by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1875 and the actual formation taking effect in 1881, being created from parts of the counties of Grey and Simcoe, on the north and east, and from the County of Wellington on the south and west. The Village of Grand Valley was erected from East Luther in 1897, and the two municipalities amalgamated in 1995 to form the Township of East Luther Grand Valley, which was erected into the Town of Grand Valley in 2012. The county gets its name from Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava, who was Gov ...
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Mansfield, Ontario
Mulmur is a township in Dufferin County in Southern Ontario, Canada. There are a number of original settlements such as Mulmur Corners, some of which can still be identified as to location, including Rosemont and Stanton. Communities The township of Mulmur comprises a number of villages and hamlets, including Airlie (partially), Banda (partially), Black Bank, Earnscliffe, Happy Valley, Honeywood, Kilgorie, Lavender (partially), Mansfield, Mulmur, Mulmur Corners (partially), Perm, Ponton Mills, Randwick, Rookery Creek, Rosemont (partially), Ruskview, Scarlet Hill, Slabtown, Stanton, Terra Nova, Violet Hill (partially), Whitfield, Conover, Henderson's Corners (partially), Hipson's Corners. Boyne Mill, Hall's Corners, Old Egypt, Primrose (partially). Demographics In the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada, Mulmur had a population of 3,571 living in 1,388 of its 1,682 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 3,478. With a land area of , it h ...
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Grey County, Ontario
Grey County is a county in the Canadian province, province of Ontario. The county is located in the Southwestern Ontario region, and is a part of the Georgian Triangle. At the time of the 2021 Canadian census the population of the county was 100,905. Owen Sound is the county seat and the largest city in Grey County. Administrative divisions Grey County consists of the following municipalities (in order of population): History Origin and evolution The first European settlement was in the vicinity of Collingwood, Ontario, Collingwood or Meaford, Ontario, Meaford. Exploring parties arrived from York, Toronto, York in 1825 by travelling from Holland Landing, Ontario, Holland Landing and down the Holland River into Lake Simcoe and Shanty Bay. From there they travelled by land to the Nottawasaga River into Georgian Bay and along the thickly wooded shore. In 1837 the village of Sydenham was surveyed by Charles Rankin. In 1856 it was incorporated as the Town of Owen Sound with an esti ...
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Essex County, Ontario
Essex County is a primarily rural county in Southwestern Ontario, Canada comprising seven municipalities: Amherstburg, Kingsville, Ontario, Kingsville, Lakeshore, Ontario, Lakeshore, LaSalle, Ontario, LaSalle, Leamington, Ontario, Leamington, Tecumseh, Ontario, Tecumseh and the administrative seat, Essex, Ontario, Essex. Administrative divisions Essex County is composed of seven municipalities (in order of population): * Municipality of Lakeshore, Ontario, Lakeshore * Town of LaSalle, Ontario, LaSalle * Municipality of Leamington, Ontario, Leamington * Town of Tecumseh, Ontario, Tecumseh * Town of Amherstburg * Town of Kingsville, Ontario, Kingsville * Town of Essex, Ontario, Essex The City of Windsor, Ontario, Windsor and the Township of Pelee, Ontario, Pelee are within the Essex census division but are not part of Essex County. The census division had a population of 422,860 as of 2021. Geography Essex County is largely composed of clay-based soils, with sandy soils along the ...
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