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1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly Election In Tehran Province
On 3 August 1979, Constitutional Convention election was held in Tehran Province constituency with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide ten seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution It resulted in a landslide victory or the Coalition of Islamic Parties, which all of its candidates won with a wide margin. Unlike other constituencies, the coalition's list of candidates was not dominated by the Khomeinists in the Islamic Republican Party and included four of their moderate rivals. Mahmoud Taleghani, the popular cleric who was endorsed by groups in a wide range of political spectrum, was ranked first and gained almost 80% of votes. Other coalitions including the Quintuple Coalition and the Grand National Alliance were defeated and none of their candidates, exempting those shared with the Islamic coalition, performed well. The former's top exclusive candidates, Asghar Sayyed Javadi and Massoud Rajavi, received no better than 12% of all votes cast. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assembly For The Final Review Of The Constitution
The Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution (AFRC; fa, مجلس بررسی نهایی قانون اساسی) also known as the Assembly of Experts for Constitution ( fa, مجلس خبرگان قانون اساسی), was a constituent assembly in Iran that was convened in 1979 to condense and ratify the Draft document, draft prepared beforehand for the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It was mandated by the Council of the Islamic Revolution after the March 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum, March 1979 referendum for regime change, and composed of 73 seats including four Reserved political positions, reserved for ethnoreligious minorities and the rest representing Provinces of Iran, provincial constituencies on a basis of population. The 1979 Iranian Constitutional Convention election, elections to the assembly were held by the Interim Government of Iran in August 1979, which resulted in a landslide victory for the Islamist disciples of Ruhollah Khomei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Workers' Party Of Iran
Socialist Workers’ Party of Iran ( fa, حزب کارگران سوسیالیست ایران, Ḥezb-e kārgarān-e sūsīālīst-e Irān) is a small Iranian communist party exiled in England.Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Iran: Iranian Revolutionary Socialists League and the Iranian Socialist Workers Party (Hezb-e Kargaran Socialist) including number of members, political activities in Iran, publications, reports of ill-treatment by authorities (1996 - June 1999), 1 June 1999, IRN32154.E, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ac0114.html ccessed 18 March 2017 The party is a merger of two Trotskyist groups based abroad, "Trotskyists", the first Trotskyist group in the history of Persian communism that was founded by Iranian students in London in 1960s, and another group created in the United States with the help of Socialist Workers Party by Babak Zahraei. The two groups were unaware of each other, but were brought together via Fourth International ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ezzatollah Sahabi
Ezzatollah Sahabi (9 May 1930 – 31 May 2011) was an Iranian politician and journalist. He was a parliament member from 1980 to 1984. Early life Sahabi was born on 9 May 1930 in Tehran, Iran. His father, Yadollah Sahabi, was an influential figure in the 1979 Iranian revolution. His brother, Fereydun Sahabi, was the first president of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran and the second in the administration of President of Iran. He studied mechanical engineering at the Faculty of Engineering Tehran University. Political career He was appointed as a member of Council of Islamic Revolution by Ruhollah Khomeini on 12 February 1979. Mehdi Bazargan, then Prime Minister of Iran, named Sahabi as Head of National Budget Center. He was elected as a member of Parliament in election of 1980. In later years Sahabi was managing editor of the journal '' Iran-e Farda'' (''The Iran of Tomorrow''), which was banned by the Islamic government, and participated in the 2000 'Iran After the Ele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Golzadeh Ghafouri
Ali Golzadeh Ghafouri (14 May 1923 – 1 January 2010) ( fa, علی گلزاده غفوری) was an Iranian Shia cleric and religious progressive politician. Political career He ran as an independent candidate in the 1979 Iranian Constitutional Convention election. He criticized the conventional notions of private property by the establishment and enjoyed support by the People's Mujahedin of Iran, along with Mahmoud Taleghani. He was among the members of the post-revolutionary constituent assembly opposing to inclusion of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist in the constitution. In 1980, he was elected to the parliament, and was considered sympathetic to the Freedom Movement of Iran and the parliamentary opposition to the ruling Islamic Republican Party. He left politics in 1981 and died in January 2010. Electoral history Personal life All three his children and his son-in-law were members of the People's Mujahedin of Iran The People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hossein-Ali Montazeri
Grand Ayatollah Hussein-Ali Montazeri ( fa, حسینعلی منتظری ; 24 September 1922 – 19 December 2009) was an Iran, Iranian Shia Islam, Shia Islamic theology, Islamic theologian, Islamic democracy advocate, writer and human rights activist. He was one of the leaders of the Iranian Revolution and one of the highest-ranking authorities in Shīʿite Islam. He was once the designated successor to the revolution's Supreme Leader of Iran, Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Khomeini, but they had a falling-out in 1989 over government policies that Montazeri claimed infringed on people's freedom and denied them their rights, especially after the 1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners, 1988 mass execution of political prisoners. Montazeri spent his later years in Qom and remained politically influential in Iran, but was placed in house arrest in 1997 for questioning "the unaccountable rule exercised by the supreme leader", Ali Khamenei, who succeeded Khom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abolhassan Banisadr
Seyyed Abolhassan Banisadr ( fa, سید ابوالحسن بنیصدر; 22 March 1933 – 9 October 2021) was an Iranian politician, writer, and political dissident. He was the first president of Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution abolished the monarchy, serving from February 1980 until his impeachment by parliament in June 1981. Prior to his presidency, he was the minister of foreign affairs in the interim government. He had resided for many years in France where he co-founded the National Council of Resistance of Iran. Following his impeachment, Banisadr fled Iran and found political asylum in France. Banisadr later focused on political writings about his activities during the Iranian revolution and his critiques of the Iranian government. He became a critic of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and the country's handling of its 2009 elections. Early life and education Banisadr was born on 22 March 1933 in Hamadān. His father was an ayatollah and close to Ruhollah Khomeini. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laborers' Party Of Iran
The Laborers’ Party of Iran ( fa, حزب رنجبران ایران, Ḥezb-e ranjbarān-e Īrān, or simply Ranjbaran, ) is an Iranian Maoist political party in exile. An advocate of the Three Worlds Theory, the party supported Abolhassan Banisadr Seyyed Abolhassan Banisadr ( fa, سید ابوالحسن بنیصدر; 22 March 1933 – 9 October 2021) was an Iranian politician, writer, and political dissident. He was the first president of Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution aboli ... and was banned in 1981. References External links * 1979 establishments in Iran Anti-imperialist organizations Banned communist parties Banned political parties in Iran Communist parties in Iran Communist parties in Sweden International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (International Newsletter) International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations Labour parties Left-wing militant groups Maoist organisations in Iran Maoist pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massoud Rajavi
Massoud Rajavi ( fa, مسعود رجوی, born 18 August 1948 – disappeared 13 March 2003) became the leader of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK) in 1979. In 1985, he married Maryam Rajavi, who became the co-leader of the MEK. After leaving Iran in 1981, he resided in France and Iraq. He disappeared during the 2003 invasion of Iraq and it is not known whether he is still alive. This has left Maryam Rajavi as the public face of the MEK. Biography Rajavi joined the MEK when he was 20 and a law student at the University of Tehran. He graduated with a degree in political law. Rajavi and the MEK actively opposed Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran and participated in the 1979 Iranian Revolution. During the Pahlavi Iran, Pahlavi regime, Rajavi was arrested by SAVAK and sentenced to death. Due to efforts by his brother, Kazem Rajavi, and various Swiss lawyers and professors, his sentence was reduced to life imprisonment. He was released from prison during the Iranian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asghar Sayyed Javadi
Ali-Asghar Sadr Haj Seyyed Javadi ( fa, علیاصغر صدر حاجسیدجوادی; 1925–2018) was an Iranian writer, journalist and activist. Politically, he was a dissident to both Pahlavi and Islamic Republic governments. According to Farhang Rajaee, he was "a leading intellectual of the day". Early life and education He was born in 1925 in Qazvin. In 1951, he obtained a PhD in philosophy from University of Paris. Career During his youth, he was a member of Tudeh Party of Iran but he later became a social democrat. He was an essayist on Islam and Socialism and over a fifteen years period, his gained a large following who were mostly religious laymen. An Iranian Writers Association member, he also wrote for ''Kayhan''. Mehrdad Mashayekhi argues that he belonged to the Third Worldist current in Iran, and considers him among "radical nationalist intellectuals" who were closely associated with the League of Iranian Socialists. Afshin Matin-Asgari states that he had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmoud Taleghani
Sayyid Mahmoud Alaee Taleghani ( fa, محمود طالقانی, , also Romanized as Seyed Mahmūd Tāleqānī; 5 March 1911 – 9 September 1979) was an Iranian theologian, Muslim reformer, democracy advocate and a senior Shi'a Islamic Scholar and thinker of Iran. Taleghani was a contemporary of the Iranian Revolutionary leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and a leader in his own right of the movement against Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. A founding member of the Freedom Movement of Iran, he has been described as a representative of the tendency of many "Shia clerics to blend Shia with Marxist ideals in order to compete with leftist movements for youthful supporters" during the 1960s and 1970s. His "greatest influence" has been said to have been in "his teaching of Quranic exegesis," as many later revolutionaries were his students.Bakhash, Shaul, ''Reign of the Ayatollahs'' (1984), p. 168 He was notably Tehran's first Friday Prayer Imam after the Iranian Revolution. Biography an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khomeinist
Khomeinism refers to the religious and political ideas of the leader of the Iranian Revolution, Ruhollah Khomeini. Khomeinism also refers to the ruling clerical class of Iran after 1979. It can also be used to refer to the radicalization of segments of Shia populations of Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon, and the recruitment by the Iranian government of Shia minorities in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Africa. The word Khomeinist and Khomeinists, derived from Khomeinism, are also used to describe members of Iran's clerical rulers and differentiate them from regular Shia Muslim clerics. Under Khomeini's leadership, Iran replaced its millennia-old monarchy with a theocratic republic. Khomeini brought about a major paradigm shift in Shia Islam. He declared Islamic jurists the true holders of not only religious authority but political authority, who must be obeyed as "an expression of obedience to God", and whose rule has "precedence over all secondary ordinances in Islam such as Sala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coalition Of Islamic Parties
The Great Islamic Coalition or the Coalition of Islamic Parties was an electoral alliance of organizations led by Islamic Republican Party, competing in 1979 Iranian Constitutional Convention election. It was the largest coalition in the elections, and used its influence on media, Islamic Revolution Committees and the mosques to oust their opponents, most importantly the Quintuple Coalition of radical Islamic groups. Parties in coalition The main groups in the coalition were: * Islamic Republican Party * Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization * Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps * Combatant Clergy Association * Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom * Fada'iyan-e Islam Fadā'iyān-e Islam ( fa, فدائیان اسلام, also spelled as ''Fadayan-e Islam'' or in English "Fedayeen of Islam" or "Devotees of Islam" or literally "Self-Sacrificers of Islam") is a Shia fundamentalist group in Iran with a strong activi ... The coalition also included smaller groups. See also * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
