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1952 Coup D'état
The Egyptian revolution of 1952, also known as the 1952 coup d'état () and the 23 July Revolution (), was a period of profound political, economic, and societal change in Egypt. On 23 July 1952, the revolution began with the toppling of King Farouk in a coup d'état by the Free Officers Movement, a group of army officers led by Mohamed Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser. It ushered in a wave of revolutionary politics in the Arab world, and contributed to the escalation of decolonization, and the development of Third World solidarity during the Cold War. Though initially focused on grievances against King Farouk, the movement had more wide-ranging political ambitions. In the first three years of the Revolution, the Free Officers moved to abolish the constitutional monarchy and aristocracy of Egypt and Sudan, establish a republic, end the British occupation of the country, and secure the independence of Sudan (previously governed as a condominium of Egypt and the United Kingdom). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decolonisation Of Africa
The decolonisation of Africa was a series of political developments in Africa that spanned from the mid-1950s to 1975, during the Cold War. Colony, Colonial governments gave way to sovereign states in a process often marred by violence, political turmoil, widespread unrest, and organised revolts. Major events in the decolonisation of Africa included the Mau Mau rebellion, the Algerian War, the Congo Crisis, the Angolan War of Independence, the Zanzibar Revolution, and the events leading to the Nigerian Civil War. History The Scramble for Africa between 1870 and 1914 was a significant period of European imperialism in Africa that ended with almost all of Africa, and its natural resources, claimed as Colony, colonies by European powers, who raced to secure as much land as possible while avoiding conflict amongst themselves. The partition of Africa was confirmed at the Berlin Conference of 1885, without regard for the existing political and social structures. Almost all the pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Naguib El-Hilaly
Ahmed Naguib el-Hilaly () (1 October 1891 – December 1958) was an Egyptian lawyer and educator who served as Prime Minister of Egypt twice in 1952.Goldschmidt, Arthur Jr. (2000). ''Biographical dictionary of modern Egypt.'' Lynne Rienner Publishers, Life and career Born in Asyut, el-Hilaly graduated from Khedival Law School and began his career in the Niyaba. He was appointed as a professor in 1923, rising to secretary-general of the Ministry of Public Instruction. He became a royal advisor on education and served as education minister under Muhammad Tawfiq Nasim Pasha from 1934 to 1936. He joined the Wafd Party in 1938 and served in the cabinet of Mustafa al-Nahhas in 1937 to 1938 and in his second cabinet from 1942 to 1944. His publications on education reform paved the way for reforms, including free universal public education in Egypt, day care, earlier entrance to school and longer compulsory education. The University of Alexandria opened while he was in office. El-Hil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third World
The term Third World arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact. The United States, Canada, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, the Southern Cone, NATO, Western European countries and other allies represented the "First World", while the Soviet Union, China, Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam, and their allies represented the "Second World". This terminology provided a way of broadly categorizing the nations of the Earth into three groups based on political divisions. Due to the complex history of evolving meanings and contexts, there is no clear or agreed-upon definition of the Third World. Strictly speaking, "Third World" was a political, rather than economic, grouping. Since most Third World countries were economically poor and non-industrialized, it became a stereotype to refer to developing countries as "third-world countries". In political discourse, the term Third World was often associated with being underdeveloped. China ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Wave
A revolutionary wave (sometimes revolutionary decade) is a series of revolutions occurring in various locations within a particular timespan. In many cases, past revolutions and revolutionary waves have inspired current ones, or an initial revolution has inspired other concurrent "affiliate revolutions" with similar aims. The causes of revolutionary waves have become the subjects of study by historians and political philosophers, including Robert Roswell Palmer, Crane Brinton, Hannah Arendt, Eric Hoffer, and Jacques Godechot. Writers and activists, including Justin Raimondo and Michael Lind, have used the phrase "revolutionary wave" to describe discrete revolutions happening within a short time-span. Michael Lind, ''Vietnam, the Necessary War: A Reinterpretation of America's Most Disastrous Military Conflict'', Simon and Schuster, 200p 37, – "The revolutionary wave effect produced by the fall of Saigon in 1975 was far more significant than the regional domino effect in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdel Moneim Amin
Abdel Moneim Amin () (1912–1996) was an Egyptian military figure and politician. He is known for his role in the 1952 Egyptian revolution. Career Amin was a Lieutenant-Colonel of the Artillery Forces in 1952. On the night of the Egyptian Revolution he ordered his troops to blockade the Suez Road and arrest officers trying to cross. He then led the troops that surrounded Ras el-Tin Palace in Alexandria, where King Farouk resided. For his achievements in the revolution he was appointed as member of the Revolutionary Council, but was forced to resign later in 1953. Between 1954 and 1956 he was Egypt's Ambassador to West Germany West Germany was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. It is sometimes known as the Bonn Republi .... References Egyptian military officers Egyptian revolutionaries 1996 deaths 1912 births F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamal El-Din Hussein
Kamal El-Din Hussein (; 2 January 1921 – 19 June 1999) was a member of the Egyptian Free Officers who overthrew King Farouk. Early life and education Kamal El-Din Hussein was born in 1921 in Banha, Qalyubia. He was admitted to military college in 1937. In 1939 he received the bachelor's degree of military science from the Egyptian Military Academy. He served in the field artillery unit in the Western Desert, to fight with the British against the advancing army under Rommel in World War II. Political career Hussein was a founding member of the Free Officers, and his rank was major during his membership to the group. He was appointed member of the Egyptian Revolutionary Command Council after the 1952 Revolution. During the presidency of Gamal Abdel Nasser he was named the president of the teachers' syndicate. He was also appointed minister of social affairs in 1954. He was named the minister of education in late 1957 following the elections in October. In February 1958 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hassan Ibrahim
Hassan Ibrahim (; 1917– 1990) was an Egyptian Air Force officer and one of the founders of the Free Officers movement. Early life and education Ibrahim was born in Alexandria in 1917. He graduated from the Egyptian Air Academy in 1927. Free Officers Movement Ibrahim was among five military officers who formed the first cell of the Free Officers movement in July or September 1949. Although it is argued that Ibrahim along with other officers was a member of the Muslim Brotherhood's special unit from 1944 to 1945, there is another report stating that Ibrahim was part of the group called Young Egypt. In addition, Ibrahim was one of the nine-member leadership group of the Free Officers movement. The movement led the 1952 Revolution. Then Ibrahim became a member of the 14-member Revolution Command Council that was charged with the running of Egypt following the success of the revolution. Career Ibrahim participated in the Palestinian war in 1948. In 1952 he served as an Air Force ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hussein El-Shafei
Hussein Mahmoud Hassan el-Shafei (; 8 February 1918 – 18 November 2005) was an Egyptian military officer who was a member of the Free Officers Movement and served as vice president under two Egyptian presidents, Gamal Abdel Nasser and Anwar Sadat. He was one of the nine men who had constituted themselves as the committee of the Free Officers movement and led the country's cavalry corps during the uprising, and was one of only three last-surviving members of the Revolutionary Command Council at the time of his death. Early life and education Born in Tanta in 1918, el-Shafei graduated from the Egyptian Military Academy in 1938. Career El-Shafei was appointed minister of war in 1954 and served as Egypt's minister of labor and social affairs during Egypt's merger with Syria. He served as vice-president under Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1961.During his tenure as minister of social affairs, el-Shafei introduced social insurance reforms considered radical at the time, including pensio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zakaria Mohieddin
Zakaria Mohieddin (, ; 5 July 1918 – 15 May 2012) was an Egyptian military officer, politician, prime minister of Egypt and head of the first Intelligence body in Egypt, the Egyptian General Intelligence Directorate. Overview Mohieddin attended the Military College in 1938 and was a Staff College graduate in 1948. He was the professional army professor of tactics in the Officers Military College from 1940 to 1943 and again from 1950 to 1951. He was also the professor of tactics in the Officers Staff College from 1951 to 1952. In 1967 following the defeat of Egypt in the Six-Day War, Mohieddin was appointed by president Gamal Abdel Nasser to take over position of president after Nasser's resignation, an appointment he refused. In 1968, Mohieddin resigned from all positions and quit public life. The same year he was arrested due to his alleged involvement in the coup plans against Nasser. As of 2005, after the death of Hussein El-Shafei and until his own death in 2012, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salah Salem
Salah Salem () (September 25, 1920 – February 18, 1962) was an Egyptian military officer and politician who was a prominent member of the Free Officers Movement (Egypt), Free Officers Movement that orchestrated the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. Early life and military career Salem was born in 1920 to an Egyptian family in Sinkat, Sudan, Sinkat, Sudan, which was a colony ran by Egypt and Britain under a Condominium (international law), condominium, at the time. He was raised in the Hilmiyyat Gadida neighborhood of Cairo, where he was educated at the Ibrahimiyyeh School. In 1938, he graduated from the Egyptian Military Academy, Royal Egyptian Military Academy. He, along with four other future members of the Free Officers Movement (Egypt), Free Officers, was ranked in the top 10 percent of his classes at the General Staff College by 1947. He graduated from college in 1948. That same year, Salem served in the Egyptian and Sudanese army in the Palestine War as an infantry officer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gamal Salem
Gamal Salem (1918–1968; ) was an Egyptian military officer and prominent member of the Egyptian Free Officers who led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 that toppled the monarchy of Egypt and Sudan. Prior to the Revolution, he served as an officer in the Royal Egyptian Air Force. Biography Salem was born in 1918. He was a graduate of the Egyptian Military Academy in 1938. In late 1951, Gamal Salem and Anwar Sadat joined the underground Free Officers movement established by Gamal Abdel Nasser, which later appointed the war hero Mohamed Naguib as its official leader. The purpose of the Free Officers was to depose King Farouk, replace the monarchy of Egypt and Sudan with a revolutionary, nationalist government, and end the British occupation of Egypt and Sudan. The movement achieved the first of these objectives via a coup d'état on 23 July 1952 that launched the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. There was disagreement on what was to be done with the deposed monarch. Although Nasse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdel Hakim Amer
Mohamed Abdel Hakim Amer (, ; 11 December 1919 – 13 September 1967), better known as Abdel Hakim Amer, was an Egyptian military officer and politician. Amer served in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and played a leading role in the military coup that overthrew King Farouk in 1952. After leading Egyptian forces in the 1956 Suez war, he was appointed Minister for Defense by President Gamal Abdel Nasser and was Egyptian Vice President between 1958 and 1965. Early life and education Amer was born in Samalut, in the El Minya on 11 December 1919. He was from an affluent family, and his father was a land owner and village mayor. His uncle Mohammed Haidar Pasha served as the minister of war during the reign of King Farouk. After finishing school, Amer attended the Egyptian Military Academy and graduated in 1938. He was commissioned into the Egyptian Army in 1939. Military career Amer served in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, took part in the 1952 Revolution and commanded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
