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1922 Papal Conclave
The 1922 papal conclave was held following Pope Benedict XV's death from pneumonia on 22 January 1922 after a reign of eight years. 53 of the 60 cardinals assembled in the Sistine Chapel eleven days later on 2 February to elect his successor. They chose Cardinal Achille Ratti on the fourteenth ballot, held on the fifth day of the conclave. He took the name ''Pius XI''. The new pope immediately revived the traditional public blessing from the balcony, ''Urbi et Orbi'' ("to the city and to the world"), which his predecessors had eschewed since the loss of Rome to the Italian state in 1870. The four non-European cardinals did not participate in the conclave. Three of them arrived too late and one did not attempt the journey. Three weeks after his election, Pope Pius XI issued rules extending the time between the death of a pope and the start of the conclave in order to increase the likelihood that cardinals from distant locations could participate in the next conclave. Background T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sistine Chapel
The Sistine Chapel (; la, Sacellum Sixtinum; it, Cappella Sistina ) is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the pope in Vatican City. Originally known as the ''Cappella Magna'' ('Great Chapel'), the chapel takes its name from Pope Sixtus IV, who had it built between 1473 and 1481. Since that time, the chapel has served as a place of both religious and functionary papal activity. Today, it is the site of the papal conclave, the process by which a new pope is selected. The fame of the Sistine Chapel lies mainly in the frescoes that decorate the interior, most particularly the Sistine Chapel ceiling and ''The Last Judgment (Michelangelo), The Last Judgment'', both by Michelangelo. During the reign of Sixtus IV, a team of Italian Renaissance painting, Renaissance painters that included Sandro Botticelli, Pietro Perugino, Pinturicchio, Domenico Ghirlandaio and Cosimo Rosselli, created a series of frescos depicting the ''Life of Moses'' and the ''Life of Christ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reactionary
In political science, a reactionary or a reactionist is a person who holds political views that favor a return to the ''status quo ante'', the previous political state of society, which that person believes possessed positive characteristics absent from contemporary society. As a descriptor term, ''reactionary'' derives from the ideological context of the left–right political spectrum. As an adjective, the word ''reactionary'' describes points of view and policies meant to restore a past ''status quo ante''.''The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought'' Third Edition, (1999) p. 729. In ideology, reactionism is a tradition in right-wing politics; the reactionary stance opposes policies for the social transformation of society, whereas conservatives seek to preserve the socio-economic structure and order that exists in the present. In popular usage, ''reactionary'' refers to a strong traditionalist conservative political perspective of a person opposed to social, political, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denis Dougherty
Dennis Joseph Dougherty (August 16, 1865 – May 31, 1951) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Philadelphia from 1918 until his death in 1951, and was made a cardinal in 1921. He was Philadelphia's longest-serving archbishop and its first cardinal. Early life and education Dennis Dougherty was born on August 16, 1865 in the Homesville section of Butler Township in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. Nicknamed "Dinny" by his parents, he was the sixth of ten children of Patrick and Bridget (née Henry) Dougherty, who were natives of County Mayo, Ireland. The family lived in the Coal Region of Pennsylvania, with Dougherty's father working as a coal miner and Dougherty himself spending his summer vacations as a breaker boy in the mines. As there was no Catholic church or parochial school in Homesville, the family worshiped at St. Joseph's Church in nearby Girardville and Dougherty attended public school there as well. At age 14, Dougherty appl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Henry O'Connell
William Henry O'Connell (December 8, 1859 – April 22, 1944) was an American cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Boston from 1907 until his death in 1944, and was made a cardinal in 1911. Early life William O'Connell was born in Lowell, Massachusetts, to John and Bridget (née Farrelly) O'Connell, who were Irish immigrants. The youngest of eleven children, he had six brothers and four sisters. His father worked at a textile mill and died when William was four years old. During his high school career, he excelled at music, particularly the piano and organ. O'Connell entered St. Charles College in Ellicott City, Maryland, in 1876. At St. Charles, he was a pupil of the noted poet John Banister Tabb. He returned to Massachusetts two years later and entered Boston College, from which he graduated in 1881 with gold medals in philosophy, physics, and chemistry. He then furthered his studies at the Pontifical North American College in Rome. Priesthood O'Conn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
São Sebastião Do Rio De Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a beta global city, Rio de Janeiro is the sixth-most populous city in the Americas. Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site, named "Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea", on 1 July 2012 as a Cultural Landscape. Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese, the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, a domain of the Portuguese Empire. In 1763, it became the capital of the State of Brazil, a state of the Portuguese Empire. In 1808, when the Portuguese Royal Court moved to Brazil, Rio de Janeiro became the seat of the court of Queen Maria I of Portugal. She subsequently, under the leadership of her son the prince regent João VI of Portugal, raised Brazil to the dignity of a k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joaquim Arcoverde De Albuquerque Cavalcanti
Joaquim Arcoverde de Albuquerque Cavalcanti (January 17, 1850 – April 18, 1930) was a Brazilian prelate of the Catholic Church, who served as Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro from 1897 to 1930. He was made a cardinal in 1905, the first cardinal born in Latin America. Biography Early life and ministry Arcoverde was born into a prominent family in Cimbres, province of Pernambuco, in the Northeast of Brazil. He showed an early vocation for the priesthood but the absence of local seminaries meant that he did all his studies prior to becoming a priest in Rome. However, after being ordained in 1874, Arcoverde returned to Olinda to become rector of the new seminary there. He was nominated a bishop by Pope Leo XIII in 1888 but refused; however, when Pope Leo, obviously believing very firmly in his ability, nominated him again three years later to the diocese of Goiás he accepted his nomination very willingly. Archbishop In 1897 Arcoverde was promoted to the archiepiscopal see of São S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lev Skrbenský Z Hříště
Lev Skrbenský z Hříště, german: Leo Skrbenský von Hříště, also spelt ''Skrebensky'' (12 June 1863, Hausdorf (now a part of Bartošovice), Moravia, Austria-Hungary – 24 December 1938, Dlouhá Loučka, Czechoslovakia) was a prominent Cardinal in the Catholic Church during the early 20th century. Born into a wealthy family, Lev Skrbenský z Hříště was educated at the seminary of Olomouc and during the 1880s worked on a doctorate in canon law at the Pontifical Gregorian University. During his stay in Rome he lived in the priest college Santa Maria dell'Anima and served there as a chaplain too. After being ordained in 1889, he went into the army of the Austrian Empire and spent the following decade serving as an army chaplain. He left his military duties in 1899, and Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria selected him as Archbishop of Prague. Two years later, he was made a cardinal on 15 April 1901, at the age of thirty-seven. He received the red hat on 9 June 1902. Later ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giuseppe Antonio Ermenegildo Prisco
Giuseppe Antonio Ermenegildo Prisco (8 September 1833 – 4 February 1923) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, who served as Archbishop of Naples. Biography Prisco was born in Boscotrecase, near Naples. He was educated at the Archiepiscopal Seminary of Naples. He was ordained to the priesthood in September 1856 with an indult because he had not yet reached the canonical age for the appointment. He served as Professor of philosophy at the seminary where he himself was taught. He later served as professor of rational law at Ospizio Ecclesiastico di Maria, Naples. He was also Prefect of studies at the Archiepiscopal Seminary of Naples and Examiner of the clergy. He was a representative of Archbishop Guglielmo Sanfelice d'Acquavilla to the Società Cattoliche Operaie. He was created Cardinal Deacon of S. Cesareo in Palatio by Pope Leo XIII in the consistory of 30 November 1896, receiving his red biretta on 3 December. He opted for the order of cardinal pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José María Martín De Herrera Y De La Iglesia
José María Martín de Herrera y de la Iglesia (26 August 1835 in Aldeadávila de la Ribera, Spain – 8 December 1922 in Santiago de Compostela, Spain) was a long-serving cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church in the early years of the twentieth century. Unusually, he served as archbishop of dioceses in more than one different country, being both archbishop of Santiago de Cuba and of Santiago de Compostela during his career in the Church. Ordained in September 1859, José María Martín quickly showed his ability in theology and canon law. However, rather than become a theology professor he spent the following seventeen years in pastoral work before he was chosen as an Archbishop of Santiago de Cuba (in those days given to someone from Spain) at the relatively young age of forty (at the same time he was in the running to become Auditor of the Roman Rota). Although he was aided by several other prominent Spaniards in administering his Cuban diocese, José María Martín was ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal ( la, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally 'cardinal of the Holy Roman Church') is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. Cardinals are created by the ruling pope and typically hold the title for life. Collectively, they constitute the College of Cardinals. Their most solemn responsibility is to elect a new pope in a conclave, almost always from among themselves (with a few historical exceptions), when the Holy See is vacant. During the period between a pope's death or resignation and the election of his successor, the day-to-day governance of the Holy See is in the hands of the College of Cardinals. The right to participate in a conclave is limited to cardinals who have not reached the age of 80 years by the day the vacancy occurs. In addition, cardinals collectively participate in papal consistories (which generally take place annually), in which matters of importance to the Church are considered and new cardinals may be created. Cardina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archbishop Of Toledo
This is a list of Bishops and Archbishops of Toledo ( la, Archidioecesis Metropolitae Toletana)."Archdiocese of Toledo" ''''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved September 15, 2016"Metropolitan Archdiocese of Toledo" ''GCatholic.org''. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved September 15, 2016 They are also the Primates of |
Enrique Almaraz Y Santos
Enrique Almaraz y Santos Doctor of Sacred Theology, S.T.D. (22 September 1847 – 22 January 1922) was a Cardinal (Catholicism), Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seville, Archbishop of Seville and, later, Archbishop of Toledo and so Primate of Spain. Early life and priesthood Enrique Almaraz was born in La Vellés, Salamanca Province. He was educated at the Central Seminary of Salamanca where in 1876 he was awarded a doctorate in theology. He was ordained in the diocese of Salamanca and remained there doing pastoral work. He served as a faculty member of the Seminary of Salamanca and was canon schoolmaster at the cathedral of Salamanca in 1874. During this time he was created Monsignor, Privy chamberlain. He was transferred to Madrid where he was a preacher of the Royal Chamber at the Court of the King. He served as secretary to the bishop of Madrid and was a faculty member of the Seminary of Madrid. He was elected Vicar capitular of M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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