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1922 Dutch General Election
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 5 July 1922.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1395 They were the first elections held under universal suffrage, which became reality after the acceptance of a proposal by Henri Marchant in 1919 that gave women full voting rights. Almost all major parties had a woman elected. The number of female representatives increased from one to seven. Only the Anti-Revolutionary Party principally excluded women from the House of Representatives. Another amendment to the electoral law increased the electoral threshold from 0.5% to 0.75%,Nohlen & Stöver, p1385 after six parties had won seats with less than 0.75% of the vote in the previous elections. The General League of Roman Catholic Caucuses remained the largest party, increasing from 30 to 32 seats, whilst the Anti-Revolutionary Party increased from 13 to 16 seats, and the Christian Historical Union went from 7 to 11 seats.Nohlen & Stöver, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1918 Dutch General Election
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 3 July 1918.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1395 They were the first elections held after a series of reforms that introduced universal male suffrage and pure proportional representation, replacing the previous system using first-past-the-post voting in single member constituencies. This change was known as the Great Pacification, which also included the introduction of state financing of religious schools, and led to the start of consociational democracy.Nohlen & Stöver, p1385 The change in the electoral system led to major changes in the political make-up of the House of Representatives. The confessional right-wing parties, the General League of Roman Catholic Caucuses, the Anti-Revolutionary Party and the Christian Historical Union, together won 50 seats. Along with two Christian splinter-parties (the Christian Democratic Party and the Christian Social Party) they were able ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939) is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral system An electoral system or voting system is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections ma ...s and political development, he has published several books. IDEA Bibliography Books published by Nohlen include: *''Electoral systems of the world'' (in German, 1978) *''Lexicon of politics'' (seven volumes) *''Elections and Electoral Systems'' (1996) *''Electi ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Ruijs De Beerenbrouck Cabinet
The Second Ruijs de Beerenbrouck cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 18 September 1922 until 4 August 1925. The cabinet was formed by the political parties Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP), Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and the Christian Historical Union (CHU) after the election of 1922. The centre-right cabinet was a majority government in the House of Representatives and was a continuation of the previous Cabinet Ruijs de Beerenbrouck I. It was the second of three cabinets of Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck, the Leader of the Roman Catholic State Party as Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not .... Cabinet Members : Retained this position from the previous cabinet. : Resigned. References External links ;Official *Kabinet-Ruijs de Beeren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Ruijs De Beerenbrouck Cabinet
The Second Ruijs de Beerenbrouck cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 18 September 1922 until 4 August 1925. The cabinet was formed by the political parties Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP), Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and the Christian Historical Union (CHU) after the election of 1922. The centre-right cabinet was a majority government in the House of Representatives and was a continuation of the previous Cabinet Ruijs de Beerenbrouck I. It was the second of three cabinets of Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck, the Leader of the Roman Catholic State Party as Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not .... Cabinet Members : Retained this position from the previous cabinet. : Resigned. References External links ;Official *Kabinet-Ruijs de Beeren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Free-thinking Democratic League
The Free-thinking Democratic League ( nl, Vrijzinnig Democratische Bond, VDB) was a progressive liberal political party in the Netherlands. Established in 1901, it played a relatively large role in Dutch politics, supplying one Prime Minister, Wim Schermerhorn. The League is a predecessor of two of the major Dutch political parties, the conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the social-democratic Labour Party (PvdA). The social-liberal Democrats 66 also claims that it and the VDB are ideologically connected. History Before 1901 The VDB was a merger of two groups; one, the Radical League, was founded in 1892 as an Amsterdam secession of the Liberal Union; they left the Union over the issue of universal suffrage. The second group was the Free-thinking Democratic political club (Dutch: Vrijzinnig Democratische Kamerclub, ''VD-kamerclub''). This was a club of Liberal Union MPs (in 1901 it had about twenty-five members, out of thirty-five Liberal Uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lizzy Van Dorp
Elisabeth Carolina "Lizzy" van Dorp (5 September 1872 – 6 September 1945) was a Dutch lawyer, economist, parliamentarian and feminist. Life Elisabeth Carolina van Dorp, often shortened to Lizzy, was the daughter of Adriana Elisabeth Verdam and Gerard Carel Théophilus van Dorp. Van Dorp studied law at Leiden University. She became the first chairwoman of the Association of Female Students in Leiden, founded in 1900, and she became the first woman in the Netherlands to obtain a law degree in 1901. On 7 July 1903, she obtained her doctorate from Prof. J. Oppenheim for her thesis titled, ''Indemnification upon destruction or disabling of property by public authorities,'' which argued against a ban on the labor of married women. She then practised private law, and gained international recognition in October 1903 as the first female attorney to appear before the Supreme Court. She also became active in various feminist movements, although she opposed the more radical forms of fem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Democratic Workers' Party (Netherlands)
The Social Democratic Workers' Party ( nl, Sociaal-Democratische Arbeiderspartij, SDAP) was a Dutch socialism, socialist political party existing from 1894 to 1946, and a predecessor of the Social democracy, social democratic Labour Party (Netherlands), Labour Party. History 1893–1904 The SDAP was founded by members of the Social Democratic League (SDB) after a conflict between anarchist and reformism, reformist factions. During the SDB party conference of 1893 in Groningen, a majority voted to stop participating in the elections. They were afraid that the parliamentary work would drift the socialists away from what socialism was really about. A minority of members led by Pieter Jelles Troelstra tried to prevent this, and later left the party in order to create a new party. The foundation of a new party was controversial within the socialist movement, because Troelstra was seen as a bourgeois force who had destroyed the unity of the SDB and the socialist movement. When the anarch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reformed Political Party
The Reformed Political Party ( nl, Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij, SGP) is a conservative CalvinistThese sources describe the SGP as a Calvinist political party: * * * * * political party in the Netherlands. The term ''Reformed'' is not a reference to political reform but is a synonym for Calvinism—a major branch of Protestantism. The SGP is the oldest political party in the Netherlands existing in its present form, and has been in opposition for its entire existence. Since 1925, it has won between 1.6% and 2.5% of the votes in general elections. Owing to its orthodox political ideals and its traditional role in the opposition, the party has been called a testimonial party. Since the general election of 2012, it has held 3 of the 150 seats of the House of Representatives. Party history Foundation The SGP was founded on 24 April 1918, by several conservative members of the Protestant Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP). They did not support female suffrage which the ARP had made po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Social Party (Netherlands)
The Christian Social Party ( nl, Christelijk-Sociale Partij; CSP) was a Dutch Christian socialist political party. The CSP played only a minor role in Dutch politics and is historically linked to the Labour Party. Party history The CSP was founded in 1907 by former members of the conservative reformed Christian Historical Union. In the 1918 elections, the first election with a system of proportional representation and male universal suffrage the restriction to get into the Tweede Kamer were relatively low, one needed more than half of a percentage of the vote to be elected. Consequently, the CSP was elected with only 8000 votes (that is .6% of vote). The CSP MP Van der Laar played only a minor role in Dutch politics. In the 1922 elections the restrictions to enter parliament where raised. The CSP was unable to maintain its seat. In the 1925 elections the party campaigned as the Protestant People's Party (Dutch: ''Protestantse Volkspartij'', PVP). In 1926 the CSP founded the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Democratic Party (Netherlands)
The Christian Democratic Party (in Dutch: ''Christen-Democratische Partij'', CDP) was a Dutch left-wing Christian-democratic political party. The CDP played only a minor role in parliament. It is historically linked to both the Labour Party and the Christian Democratic Appeal. Party History Between 1894 and 1901 Andries Staalman was a member of the House of Representatives for the district of Den Helder. He was a member of the main Reformed party, the Anti Revolutionary Party (ARP). He operated on the left of the ARP and he advocated increased government interference in the economy and the extension of suffrage. In 1901 Staalman was re-elected into the House of Representatives on an Anti-Revolutionary Ticket, but he was dissatisfied by the conservative course of the ARP. Staalman therefore sat as an independent Anti-Revolutionary. He was dissatisfied by the conservative composition and program of the cabinet Abraham Kuyper had formed after the elections and did not support i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Historical Union
The Christian Historical Union ( nl, Christelijk-Historische Unie, CHU) was a Protestant Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. The CHU is one of the predecessors of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), into which it merged in September 1980. Party history History before 1908 In 1879, the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) was founded by a group of orthodox reformed Protestants, who had split from the main Dutch Reformed Church to form the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands. It advocated equal funding for religious schools, universal suffrage and Protestant morality. Their main tactic was the anti-thesis between religious and non-religious parties, which meant that it sought to break the cooperation between liberals and Roman Catholics and to create an alliance between Catholics and Protestants. Furthermore, it was the first party with a strong centralised organisation – previously parties were organised as factions. The party was joined by many conservative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral Threshold
The electoral threshold, or election threshold, is the minimum share of the primary vote that a candidate or political party requires to achieve before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature. This limit can operate in various ways, e.g. in party-list proportional representation systems where an electoral threshold requires that a party must receive a specified minimum percentage of votes (e.g. 5%), either nationally or in a particular electoral district, to obtain seats in the legislature. In Single transferable voting the election threshold is called the quota and not only the first choice but also the next-indicated choices are used to determine whether or not a party passes the electoral threshold (and it is possible to be elected under STV even if a candidate does not pass the election threshold). In MMP systems the election threshold determines which parties are eligible for the top-up seats. The effect of an electoral threshold is to d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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