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1918 Estonian Constituent Assembly Election
Elections to the Estonian Constituent Assembly were held on 3–4 February 1918. In some electoral districts, the elections were postponed until 9–10 February. During the October revolution, the Bolsheviks also took power in parts of Estonia, mostly in urban areas in Northern Estonia. Parts of Estonia were already occupied by Germany and the elections were not held in these areas. The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) allowed the elections to be held, in hope of getting a majority of the votes. However, they achieved only 37% of the votes, leaving a majority for parties that supported Estonian independence. The Estonian Constituent Assembly was never convened after these elections, because the Communists annulled the elections and Germany occupied the rest of Estonia in the same February. New elections to the Constituent Assembly were held in 1919.''XX sajandi kroonika, I osa''; Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, Tallinn, 2002; p. 167 Results References {{ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Constituent Assembly
The Estonian Constituent Assembly ( et, Asutav Kogu) was elected on 5–7 April 1919, called by the Estonian Provisional Government during the Estonian War of Independence. Estonian Constituent Assembly elections Activity The 120 members of the Constituent Assembly met at the opening session on 23 April 1919, the birthday of the Estonian Parliament and elected the chairman, Social Democrat August Rei. On 7 May the Assembly passed the Public Elementary Schools Act: The principle of compulsory and free primary 6-year elementary school education was established. On 8 May 1919 the Estonian provisional government resigned, and the first fully democratically elected Government of Estonia headed by Prime Minister Otto Strandman (Estonian Labor Party) took office. On 15 May the assembly reaffirmed the Estonian Declaration of Independence, aimed at the international community for recognizing Estonia as an independent state. On 4 June 1919 the Assembly adopted a temporary Constitutio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party
The Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party ( et, Eesti Sotsiaaldemokraatiline Tööliste Partei) was a political party in Estonia between 1917 and 1925. The leaders of the party, founded on platforms of patriotism, Estonian independence, and social justice, made a major contribution to the drafting of the first (1920) Constitution of Estonia. History Social democracy in Estonia was born at the beginning of the 20th century. Estonian social democracy was influenced by western European ideas of social democracy as well as by Russian ideals. During the Russian Revolution of 1905 social democratic ideas spread and Estonian social democrats formed their party in the summer of 1905 in Tartu. At this time, the party was named the Estonian Social Democratic Workers Unity (''Eesti Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Tööliste Ühendus''). The social democrats were the most persecuted party during the czarist era. Their newspapers were closed, their politicians were forced to emigrate (Peeter Spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annulled Elections
Annulment is a legal procedure within secular and religious legal systems for declaring a marriage null and void. Unlike divorce, it is usually retroactive, meaning that an annulled marriage is considered to be invalid from the beginning almost as if it had never taken place (though some jurisdictions provide that the marriage is only void from the date of the annulment; for example, this is the case in section 12 of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1973 in England and Wales). In legal terminology, an annulment makes a void marriage or a voidable marriage null.John L. Esposito (2002), Women in Muslim Family Law, Syracuse University Press, , pp. 33–34 Void vs voidable marriage A difference exists between a ''void marriage'' and a ''voidable marriage''. A void marriage is a marriage that was not legally valid under the laws of the jurisdiction where the marriage occurred, and is void ''ab initio''. Although the marriage is void as a matter of law, in some jurisdictions an annulment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Independence Of Estonia
__NOTOC__ The Estonian Declaration of Independence, also known as the Manifesto to the Peoples of Estonia ( et, Manifest Eestimaa rahvastele), is the founding act of the Republic of Estonia from 1918. It is celebrated on 24 February, the National Day or Estonian Independence Day. The declaration was drafted by the Salvation Committee elected by the elders of the Estonian Provincial Assembly. Originally intended to be proclaimed on 21 February 1918, the proclamation was delayed until the evening of 23 February, when the manifesto was printed and read out aloud publicly in Pärnu. On the next day, 24 February, the manifesto was printed and distributed in the capital, Tallinn. Historical context During World War I, between retreating Russian and advancing German troops, and the nearing occupation by the German Empire, then Maapäev — the Salvation Committee of the Estonian National Council — declared on 24 February 1918 the independence of Estonia. The German Emp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1918 Elections In Europe
This year is noted for the end of the World War I, First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January – 1918 flu pandemic: The "Spanish flu" (influenza) is first observed in Haskell County, Kansas. * January 4 – The Finnish Declaration of Independence is recognized by Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Russia, Sweden, German Empire, Germany and France. * January 9 – Battle of Bear Valley: U.S. troops engage Yaqui people, Yaqui Native American warriors in a minor skirmish in Arizona, and one of the last battles of the American Indian Wars between the United States and Native Americans. * January 15 ** The keel of is laid in Britain, the first purpose-designed aircraft carrier to be laid down. ** The Red Army (The Workers and Peasants Red Army) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1918 In Estonia
This article lists events that occurred during 1918 in Estonia. Incumbents Events * 1 February – new calendar: Julian calendar is replaced by Gregorian. This means that 1 February becomes 14 February. * 24 February – Estonian Declaration of Independence. * End of February: Germans in power. * 3 March – Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Bolshevist Russia cedes sovereignty over Estonia to Germany. * 11 November – Germans began withdrawal and turn over power to the provisional government of Estonia (headed by Konstantin Päts). * 11 November – Estonian Defence League is founded. * 22 November – Estonia was invaded by Bolshevist Russian forces. Beginning of Estonian War of Independence. * National Library of Estonia established. * Tallinn College of Engineering and Higher Music School established. Births Deaths References {{Year in Europe, 1918 1910s in Estonia Estonia Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliamentary Elections In Estonia
A parliamentary system, or parliamentarian democracy, is a system of democratic governance of a state (or subordinate entity) where the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the support ("confidence") of the legislature, typically a parliament, to which it is accountable. In a parliamentary system, the head of state is usually a person distinct from the head of government. This is in contrast to a presidential system, where the head of state often is also the head of government and, most importantly, where the executive does not derive its democratic legitimacy from the legislature. Countries with parliamentary systems may be constitutional monarchies, where a monarch is the head of state while the head of government is almost always a member of parliament, or parliamentary republics, where a mostly ceremonial president is the head of state while the head of government is regularly from the legislature. In a few parliamentary republics, amo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Right Socialist-Revolutionaries
The Socialist Revolutionary Party, or the Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries (the SRs, , or Esers, russian: эсеры, translit=esery, label=none; russian: Партия социалистов-революционеров, ), was a major political party in late Imperial Russia, and both phases of the Russian Revolution and early Soviet Russia. The SRs were agrarian socialists and supporters of a democratic socialist Russian republic. The ideological heirs of the Narodniks, the SRs won a mass following among the Russian peasantry by endorsing the overthrow of the Tsar and the redistribution of land to the peasants. The SRs boycotted the elections to the First Duma following the Revolution of 1905 alongside the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, but chose to run in the elections to the Second Duma and received the majority of the few seats allotted to the peasantry. Following the 1907 coup, the SRs boycotted all subsequent Dumas until the fall of the Tsar in the Febru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Left Socialist Revolutionaries
The Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries (russian: Партия левых социалистов-революционеров-интернационалистов) was a revolutionary socialist political party formed during the Russian Revolution. In 1917, the Socialist Revolutionary Party split between those who supported the Russian Provisional Government, established after the February Revolution and those who supported the Bolsheviks, who favoured the overthrow of the Provisional Government and the placing of political power in the hands of the Congress of Soviets. Those that continued to support the Provisional Government became known as the Right SRs while those who aligned with the Bolsheviks became known as the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries or Left SRs. After the October Revolution, the Left SRs formed a coalition government with the Bolsheviks from November 1917 to July 1918, but resigned its position in government after the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
October Revolution
The October Revolution,. officially known as the Great October Socialist Revolution. in the Soviet Union, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917–1923. It was the second revolutionary change of government in Russia in 1917. It took place through an armed insurrection in Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) on . It was the precipitating event of the Russian Civil War. The October Revolution followed and capitalized on the February Revolution earlier that year, which had overthrown the Tsarist autocracy, resulting in a liberal provisional government. The provisional government had taken power after being proclaimed by Grand Duke Michael, Tsar Nicholas II's younger brother, who declined to take power after the Tsar stepped down. During this time, urban workers began to organize into councils (soviets) wherein revolutionaries criticized the pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Socialist Revolutionary Party
The Estonian Socialist Revolutionary Party ( et, Eesti sotsialistide-revolutsionääride partei, ESRP) was a political party in Estonia during the early 20th century. History The ESRP was founded in Estonia in 1905 as a branch of the Russian Socialist Revolutionary Party, and was formally established as an independent party during its 17–20 September 1917 congress.Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p392 It won eight seats in the Estonian Provincial Assembly in the 1917 elections. The party suffered from internal disagreements, with debates over whether Estonia should be an independent nation or remain part of Russia, and over questions of nationality. In 1919 a final split saw left-wing members join the Communist Party, whilst right-wing members established the Estonian Independent Socialist Workers' Party together with defectors from the Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party The Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party ( et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Bloc (Estonia)
The Democratic Bloc was a political grouping in Estonia. History The Bloc was formed in 1917 by the Estonian Democratic Party, the Estonian Radical Democratic Party and the Rural League.Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p389 Between them the parties had won 24 of the 62 seats in the Provincial Assembly elections in the same year. In the Russia-wide elections in November 1917, the Democratic Bloc received around 23% of the vote in the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia. In the Estonian Constituent Assembly elections the following year, the Bloc maintained its vote share at around 23%.Raun, p104 In March 1919 the Estonian Democratic Party and Estonian Radical Democratic Party merged to form the Estonian People's Party The Estonian People's Party ( et, Eesti Rahvaerakond, ER) was a centre-right political party in Estonia. History The party was established in March 1919 by a merger of the Estonian Democratic Party and the Estonian Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
