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1918 Chinese Presidential Election
The 1918 Chinese presidential election were the elections held on 4 September 1918 in Beijing for the second term of the President of China. Xu Shichang was elected by two houses of the National Assembly which were controlled by the Anfu Club formed in the National Assembly election in the same year. Feng Guozhang's term as president expired on 10 October 1918. He did not seek re-election provided Duan Qirui retired as Premier on the same day. Xu Shichang, a veteran statesman and was seen as being a fairly neutral mediator between different factions and between the North and South. Though the Anfu Club promised the vice-presidency to Cao Kun, the Communications Clique prevented the two-thirds quorum required for his election and left the office vacant. The Guangzhou Government denounced the "new" parliament as illegal and refused to recognize the election of Xu Shichang as legitimate. The "old" National Assembly elected in 1912 attained a quorum on 6 August in Guangzhou an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xu Shichang
Xu Shichang (Hsu Shih-chang; ; courtesy name: Juren (Chu-jen; 菊人); October 20, 1855 – June 5, 1939) was the President of the Republic of China, in Beijing, from 10 October 1918 to 2 June 1922. The only permanent president of the Beiyang government to be a civilian, his presidency was also the longest of the Warlord era (China), warlord era. Previously, he was Minister of the Cabinet of the Imperial Cabinet during the Qing dynasty, Qing Dynasty. Biography Xu Shichang's ancestral hometown was Yinxian County (current Yinzhou District, Ningbo, Yinzhou District), Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. Born in Weihui, Henan, he was Yuan Shikai's closest friend. He was at one time the Viceroy of the Three Northeast Provinces, served as minister of the cabinet in Yikuang, Prince Qing's Prince Qing's Cabinet, Cabinet, and tutored Emperor of China Puyi. At the end of the Qing dynasty, Xu was made chief of the general staff despite being a civilian. Following the overthrow of the monarchy a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of The Republic Of China In Guangzhou
The Government of the Republic of China ({{Zh, t=廣州中華民國政府) was the government that led the Second Constitutional Protection Movement. The military junta was replaced by a presidential system. History After Sun Yat-sen left Guangzhou on 21 May 1918, he returned to Guangzhou on 28 November 1920, reorganized the southern military government, and began the Second Constitutional Protection Movement. On 12 January 1921, the Extraordinary Congress resumed its meeting in Guangzhou. On 2 April, the Extraordinary Congress met and announced the abolition of the southern military government, claiming to form the government of the Republic of China. Sun Yat-sen was elected "Great President" on 7 April, and he took office in Guangzhou on 5 May. After his election, Sun Yat-sen issued separate statements at home and abroad, and wrote an open letter to Xu Shichang, President of the Beiyang Government, persuading him to resign voluntarily. At the same time, he published his ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presidential Elections In The Republic Of China (1912–1949)
President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese full-size sedan * Studebaker President, a 1926–1942 American full-size sedan * VinFast President, a 2020–present Vietnamese mid-size SUV Film and television *''Præsidenten'', a 1919 Danish silent film directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer * ''The President'' (1928 film), a German silent drama * ''President'' (1937 film), an Indian film * ''The President'' (1961 film) * ''The Presidents'' (film), a 2005 documentary * ''The President'' (2014 film) * ''The President'' (South Korean TV series), a 2010 South Korean television series * ''The President'' (Palestinian TV series), a 2013 Palestinian reality television show *''The President Show'', a 2017 Comedy Central political satirical parody sitcom Music *The Presidents (American soul band) *The P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Republic Of China
The history of the Republic of China begins after the Qing dynasty in 1912, when the Xinhai Revolution and the formation of the Republic of China put an end to 2,000 years of imperial rule. The Republic experienced many trials and tribulations after its founding which included being dominated by elements as disparate as warlord generals and foreign powers. In 1928, the Republic was nominally unified under the Kuomintang (KMT; also called "Chinese Nationalist Party") after the Northern Expedition, and was in the early stages of industrialization and modernization when it was caught in the conflicts involving the Kuomintang government, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), local warlords, and the Empire of Japan. Most nation-building efforts were stopped during the full-scale Second Sino-Japanese War against Japan from 1937 to 1945, and later the widening gap between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party made a coalition government impossible, causing the resumption of the Chinese Ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ni Sichong
Ni Sichong, Duke of the First Rank (; ; 1868–1924) was a Chinese general. He was one of the handful of Beiyang generals who along with Yang Du and others supported Yuan Shikai's Empire of China during the National Protection War. He was later part of the Anhui clique until resigning in 1920 due to the disastrous defeat in the Zhili–Anhui War The Zhili–Anhui War was a 1920 conflict in the Republic of China between the Zhili and Anhui cliques for control of the Beiyang government. Prelude Tensions between the two factions developed during the Constitutional Protection War of 1917. .... Republic of China warlords from Anhui Politicians from Fuyang 1868 births 1924 deaths Members of the Anhui clique Empire of China (1915–1916) {{china-mil-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhang Jian (politician)
Zhang Jian (; 1 July 1853– 24 August 1926), courtesy name Jizhi (季直), sobriquet Se'an (啬庵), was a Chinese entrepreneur, politician and educator. He is known as a "new gentry" and official-entrepreneur. Biography Zhang was born in Haimen county, Jiangsu province in 1853. He became a member of staff under the general Wu Changqing. He returned to the hometown after Wu's death. He was studying agriculture while preparing for the further examination, and achieved the highest score in the 1894 Palace Examination and exalted status as ''zhuangyuan'' eventually. He subsequently served at the Hanlin Academy. Zhang was obliged to return to his hometown for mourning his father, in the same year. After the First Sino-Japanese War, he began to invest in and create modern enterprises. He founded Dah Sun Cotton Mill, which financed by both the imperial court and local merchants, in Nantong later. Besides, he branched out into land reclamation, river conservancy, modern education, esp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Shizhen (Beiyang Government)
Wang Shizhen (; 1861–1930), courtesy name Pinqing (聘卿), was a Chinese general and politician of the Republic of China. Biography Wang was born in Zhengding, Zhili in 1861. He was the Minister of War in the Qing Dynasty under Yuan Shikai and in the Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ... three times, 1915–1916 and twice in 1917. He was the Premier of China from 1917 to 1918. External links 1861 births 1930 deaths Republic of China Army generals Premiers of the Republic of China Republic of China politicians from Hebei Politicians from Shijiazhuang Generals from Hebei Viceroys of Huguang People from Zhengding County {{China-mil-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anhui Clique
The Anhui clique () was a military and political organization, one of several mutually hostile cliques or factions that split from the Beiyang clique in the Republic of China's Warlord Era. It was named after Anhui province because several of its generals–including its founder, Duan Qirui–were born in Anhui. The clique's main members were Duan Qirui, Duan Zhigui, Jin Yunpeng, Wang Yitang, Lu Yongxiang, Zhang Jingyao, Wu Guangxin, Chen Shufan, Zheng Shiqi, Xu Shuzheng, etc. Because the Anhui clique organized itself very early, it was more politically sophisticated than its warlord rivals. History With Japanese support and the suppression of the Manchu Restoration, it became the most powerful faction in China from 1916 to 1920. They had an uneasy co-existence with the Zhili clique and Fengtian clique in the Beiyang government. They advocated a hardline during the Constitutional Protection War. The May Fourth Movement weakened their influence and eventually led to the Zhili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1912 Chinese National Assembly Election
The 1912 Chinese National Assembly elections, held in December 1912 to January 1913, were the first elections for the newly founded National Assembly of the Republic of China, which was a bicameral parliament with a Senate and a House of Representatives. Overview The election was indirect, as voters chose some 30,000 electors who chose about 2,000 members of the provincial assemblies and 596 members of the House of Representatives. This system caused instances of bribery. The 274-member Senate were elected by the provincial assemblies who themselves had been elected in 1909 during the Qing dynasty. Adult males over the age of 21 who were educated or owned property and paid taxes, and who could prove a two-year residency in a particular county, could vote. Cambridge History of China, Vol 12, Part 1: 222-223 An estimated 40 million or 4-6% of China's population were registered for the election. This was an increase from the size of the electorate in the 1909 Chinese provincial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communications Clique
The Communications Clique () was a powerful interest group of politicians, bureaucrats, technocrats, businessmen, engineers, and labour unionists in China's Beiyang government (1912-1928). It is also known as the Cantonese Clique because many of its leaders hailed from Guangdong. They were named after the Ministry of Posts and Communications which was responsible for railways, postal delivery, shipping, and telephones as well as the Bank of Communications. This ministry earned five times more revenue for the government than all the other ministries combined. The clique was founded by Tang Shaoyi but it was led by Liang Shiyi throughout most of its existence. They were instrumental in the rise of Yuan Shikai in the late Qing and early republican period. Because they were Yuan's biggest supporters of his attempt to restore the monarchy, their leaders were forced to flee the country when President Li Yuanhong ordered their arrest. In their absence, the New Communications Clique (19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duan Qirui
Duan Qirui (; ) (March 6, 1865 – November 2, 1936) was a Chinese warlord and politician, a commander of the Beiyang Army and the acting Chief Executive of the Republic of China (in Beijing) from 1924 to 1926. He was also the Premier of the Republic of China on four occasions between 1913 and 1918. He was arguably the most powerful man in China from 1916 to 1920. Early life Born in Hefei as ''Duan Qirui'' (), his courtesy name was ''Zhiquan'' (). His grandfather was Duan Pei ( zh, 段佩), an officer in Li Hongzhang's privately raised Huai Army (Huai Jun, zh, 淮軍). His father died early and he was raised by his maternal grandmother. Early career In 1885 Duan Qirui entered Tianjin Military Academy (), specializing in artillery, and graduated at the top of his class. Spence 285 After graduation, he was sent to Lüshun to oversee the construction of artillery fortifications and came to the attention of Li Hongzhang, who sent him to study military science in Germany f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Premier Of The Republic Of China
The Premier of the Republic of China, officially the President of the Executive Yuan (Chinese language, Chinese: 行政院院長), is the head of the government of the Republic of China of Taiwan and leader of the Executive Yuan. The premier is nominally the principal advisor to the president of the Republic and holds the highest rank in the civil service of the central government. The predecessor of the President of the Executive Yuan was the Prime Minister of the Republic of China, and the first President of the Executive Yuan was Tan Yanqi; the first president after the constitution was Weng Wenhao; and the first president to take office after the government moved to power was Chen Cheng. Currently, the Premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China, President without approval by the Legislative Yuan. The current President of the Executive Yuan is incumbent Su Tseng-chang, who took office in his second term on 14 January 2019 following the resignation of L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
