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1869 In France
Events from the year 1869 in France. Incumbents * Monarch – Napoleon III Events *2 May - Folies Bergère opens in Paris as the Folies Trévise. *23 May - Legislative election held. *6 June - Legislative election held to elect the fourth legislature of the French Second Empire. *15 July - Hippolyte Mège-Mouriès files a patent for margarine. Births *7 March - Paul Émile Chabas, painter (died 1937) *8 April - Charles Binet, Archbishop of Besançon and Cardinal (died 1936) *12 April - Henri Désiré Landru, serial killer (executed 1922) *23 April - Louise Compain, feminist author (died 1941) *29 July - Paul Aymé, tennis player (died 1962) *22 November - André Gide, author and winner of Nobel Prize in literature in 1947 (died 1951) *31 December - Henri Matisse, artist (died 1954) Deaths *8 January - Joseph Jean Baptiste Xavier Fournet, geologist and metallurgist (born 1801) *8 March - Hector Berlioz, composer (born 1803) *31 March - Allan Kardec, founder of Spiritism (bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1941 In France
Events from the year 1941 in France. Incumbents *Chief of State: Philippe Pétain * Vice-President of the Council of Ministers: Pierre-Étienne Flandin (until 9 February), François Darlan (starting 9 February) Events *17 January – Battle of Ko Chang. Decisive victory by the French over the Thai Navy. *3 February – The Nazis forcibly restore Pierre Laval to office in occupied Vichy France. *5 May – Georges Bégué becomes (probably) the first Special Operations Executive agent to be parachuted into France. *9 May – French-Thai War ends. *8 June – Allied invasion of Vichy French-controlled Syria and Lebanon begins, the Syria–Lebanon campaign. *9 June – Battle of the Litani River. *13 June – Battle of Jezzine. *15 June – Battle of Kissoué begins. *17 June – Battle of Kissoué ends with Allied victory. *18 June – Battle of Damascus begins. *19 June – Battle of Merdjayoun starts. *21 June – Battle of Damascus ends, with the Allies taking Damascus. *24 J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hector Berlioz
In Greek mythology, Hector (; grc, Ἕκτωρ, Hektōr, label=none, ) is a character in Homer's Iliad. He was a Trojan prince and the greatest warrior for Troy during the Trojan War. Hector led the Trojans and their allies in the defense of Troy, killing countless Greek warriors. He was ultimately killed in single combat by Achilles, who later dragged his dead body around the city of Troy behind his chariot. Etymology In Greek, is a derivative of the verb ἔχειν ''ékhein'', archaic form * grc, ἕχειν, hékhein, label=none ('to have' or 'to hold'), from Proto-Indo-European *'' seɡ́ʰ-'' ('to hold'). , or as found in Aeolic poetry, is also an epithet of Zeus in his capacity as 'he who holds verything together. Hector's name could thus be taken to mean 'holding fast'. Description Hector was described by the chronicler Malalas in his account of the ''Chronography'' as "dark-skinned, tall, very stoutly built, strong, good nose, wooly-haired, good beard, sq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1801 In France
Events from the year 1801 in France. Incumbents * The French Consulate Events *9 February – Treaty of Lunéville signed between the French First Republic and the Holy Roman Empire, ending the war with Austria. *8 March – Battle of Abukir, second battle of the Egyptian campaign. British victory. *18 March – Treaty of Florence signed between France and the Kingdom of Naples. *21 March - Treaty of Aranjuez signed between France and Spain. *21 March - Battle of Alexandria. British victory. *8 July – First Battle of Algeciras Bay. Franco-Spanish victory. *12 July – Second Battle of Algeciras Bay. British victory. *15 July – Concordat of 1801, agreement signed between France and Pope Pius VII that reaffirms the Roman Catholic Church as the majority church of France and restores some of its civil status. *17 August – Siege of Alexandria by the British begins. *2 September – Siege of Alexandria ends in British victory. *29 September – Treaty of Madrid signed bet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metallurgy
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys. Metallurgy encompasses both the science and the technology of metals; that is, the way in which science is applied to the production of metals, and the engineering of metal components used in products for both consumers and manufacturers. Metallurgy is distinct from the craft of metalworking. Metalworking relies on metallurgy in a similar manner to how medicine relies on medical science for technical advancement. A specialist practitioner of metallurgy is known as a metallurgist. The science of metallurgy is further subdivided into two broad categories: chemical metallurgy and physical metallurgy. Chemical metallurgy is chiefly concerned with the reduction and oxidation of metals, and the chemical performance of metals. Subjects of study in chemical metallurgy include mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geologist
A geologist is a scientist who studies the solid, liquid, and gaseous matter that constitutes Earth and other terrestrial planets, as well as the processes that shape them. Geologists usually study geology, earth science, or geophysics, although backgrounds in physics, chemistry, biology, and other sciences are also useful. Field research (field work) is an important component of geology, although many subdisciplines incorporate laboratory and digitalized work. Geologists can be classified in a larger group of scientists, called geoscientists. Geologists work in the energy and mining sectors searching for natural resources such as petroleum, natural gas, precious and base metals. They are also in the forefront of preventing and mitigating damage from natural hazards and disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis and landslides. Their studies are used to warn the general public of the occurrence of these events. Geologists are also important contributors to climate ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Jean Baptiste Xavier Fournet
Joseph Jean Baptiste Xavier Fournet (May 15, 1801 – January 8, 1869), French geologist and metallurgist, was born at Strasbourg. He was educated at the ''École des Mines'' in Paris, and after considerable experience as a mining engineer he was in 1834 appointed professor of geology at Lyon. He was a man of wide knowledge and extensive research, and wrote memoirs on chemical and mineralogical subjects, on eruptive rocks, on the structure of the Jura, the metamorphism of the Western Alps, on the formation of oolitic limestones, on kaolinization and on metalliferous veins. On metallurgical Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys. Metallurgy encompasses both the sc ... subjects he also was an acknowledged authority; and he published observations on the order of sulphurability of metals (''loi de Fournet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1954 In France
Events from the year 1954 in France. Incumbents *President: Vincent Auriol (until 16 January), Rene Coty (starting 16 January) *President of the Council of Ministers: Joseph Laniel (until 19 June), Pierre Mendès France (starting 19 June) Events *25 January – The foreign ministers of the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union meet at the Berlin Conference. *13 March – Battle of Dien Bien Phu begins in Vietnam. *23 March – In Vietnam, the Viet Minh capture the main airstrip of Dien Bien Phu – French forces are partially isolated. *29 March – C-47 with French nurse Genevieve de Galard on board is incapacitated on Dien Bien Phu runway. *7 May – Battle of Dien Bien Phu ends in defeat for French forces. *18 June – Pierre Mendès France becomes prime minister of France. *24 June – Battle of Mang Yang Pass begins, the last official battle of the First Indochina War. *17 July – Battle of Mang Yang Pass ends in defeat for French forces. *20 July – Battl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henri Matisse
Henri Émile Benoît Matisse (; 31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French visual artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter. Matisse is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso, as one of the artists who best helped to define the revolutionary developments in the visual arts throughout the opening decades of the twentieth century, responsible for significant developments in painting and sculpture. The intense colourism of the works he painted between 1900 and 1905 brought him notoriety as one of the Fauves ( French for "wild beasts"). Many of his finest works were created in the decade or so after 1906, when he developed a rigorous style that emphasised flattened forms and decorative pattern. In 1917, he relocated to a suburb of Nice on the French Riviera, and the more relaxed style of his work during the 1920s gained him critical acclaim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1951 In France
Events from the year 1951 in France. Incumbents *President: Vincent Auriol *President of the Council of Ministers: ** until 10 March: René Pleven ** 10 March-11 August: Henri Queuille ** starting 11 August: René Pleven Events *13 January – Battle of Vĩnh Yên begins in Vietnam. *17 January – Battle of Vĩnh Yên ends in decisive defeat for the Việt Minh forces. *23 March – Battle of Mạo Khê begins. *28 March – Battle of Mạo Khê ends in the defeat of Việt Minh forces. *April – Magazine ''Cahiers du cinéma'' is first published. *18 April – Treaty of Paris adopted, establishing European Coal and Steel Community. *17 June – Legislative Election is held to elect the second National Assembly of the Fourth Republic. *11 August – René Pleven becomes Prime Minister of France. *10 November – Battle of Hòa Bình begins. *December – Engagements in the Battle of Hòa Bình continue. Sport *The 1951 French rugby league tour of Australia and New Zealand i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist most famously known for the invention of dynamite. He died in 1896. In his will, he bequeathed all of his "remaining realisable assets" to be used to establish five prizes which became known as "Nobel Prizes." Nobel Prizes were first awarded in 1901. Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace (Nobel characterized the Peace Prize as "to the person who has done the most or best to advance fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of standing armies, and the establishment and promotion of peace congresses"). In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) funded the establishment of the Prize in Economi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Author
An author is the writer of a book, article, play, mostly written work. A broader definition of the word "author" states: "''An author is "the person who originated or gave existence to anything" and whose authorship determines responsibility for what was created''." Typically, the first owner of a copyright is the person who created the work, i.e. the author. If more than one person created the work (i.e., multiple authors), then a case of joint authorship takes place. The copyright laws are have minor differences in various jurisdictions across the United States. The United States Copyright Office, for example, defines copyright as "a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States (title 17, U.S. Code) to authors of 'original works of authorship.'" Legal significance of authorship Holding the title of "author" over any "literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, rcertain other intellectual works" gives rights to this person, the owner of the copyright, especially ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
