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1860 In France
Events from the year 1860 in France. Incumbents * Monarch – Napoleon III Events *1 January - Paris administratively annexes neighbouring communes. *23 January - Cobden-Chevalier Treaty Free Trade treaty is signed between the United Kingdom and France. *9 April - Typesetter Edouard-Leon Scott de Martinville sings "Au clair de la lune" into his phonautograph, producing the world's earliest known sound recording of a song. However, it would not be converted back into audible sound until 2008. *18 October - At the end of the Second Opium War, British and French troops enter the Forbidden City in Beijing. *24 October - Convention of Peking signed by Chinese with Britain and France. Arts and literature Births *11 February - Rachilde, author (died 1953) *25 June - Gustave Charpentier, composer (died 1956) *16 August - Jules Laforgue, poet (died 1887) *20 August - Raymond Poincaré, statesman, five times Prime Minister of France, President of France (died 1934) *26 November – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustave Charpentier
Gustave Charpentier (; 25 June 1860 – 18 February 1956) was a French composer, best known for his opera ''Louise''.Langham Smith R., "Gustave Charpentier", ''The New Grove Dictionary of Opera.'' Macmillan, London and New York, 1997. Life and career Charpentier was born in Dieuze, Moselle, the son of a baker, and with the assistance of a rich benefactor he studied violin at the conservatoire in Lille before entering the Paris Conservatoire in 1881. There he took lessons in composition under Jules Massenet (from 1885) and had a reputation of wanting to shock his professors. In 1887 he won the Prix de Rome for his cantata ''Didon''. During the time in Rome that the prize gave him, he wrote the orchestral suite ''Impressions d'Italie'' and began work on the libretto and music for what would become his best-known work, the opera ''Louise''. Charpentier returned to Paris, settling in Montmartre, and continued to compose, including songs on texts by Charles Baudelaire and Voltaire. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1789 In France
Events from the year 1789 in France Incumbents * Monarch – Louis XVI Events Births * 4 January – Alphonse Henri d'Hautpoul, military officer and politician (died 1865) * 21 August – Augustin-Louis Cauchy, mathematician (died 1857) * 28 August – Stéphanie de Beauharnais, nobility (died 1860) * 31 December – Claudius Crozet, educator and engineer (died 1864) Deaths * 2 February – Armand-Louis Couperin, composer and keyboard player (born 1727) * 9 May – Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval, artillery officer (born 1715) * 15 May – Jean-Baptiste Marie Pierre, painter (born 1714) * 15 July – Jacques Duphly, composer and harpsichordist (born 1715) * 3 December – Claude Joseph Vernet, painter (born 1714). * 23 December – Charles-Michel de l'Épée Charles-Michel de l'Épée (; 24 November 1712 – 23 December 1789) was a philanthropic educator of 18th-century France who has become known as the "Father of the Deaf". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl, Grand Duke Of Baden
Charles (german: Karl Ludwig Friedrich; 8 July 1786 – 8 December 1818) was Grand Duke of Baden from 11 June 1811 until his death in 1818. He was born in Karlsruhe. Life His father was Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden, the heir apparent, heir to the Margraviate of Baden, which was raised to a grand duchy after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. His mother was Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt, Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt, the daughter of Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. He was the brother-in-law of the rulers of Kingdom of Bavaria, Bavaria, Russian Empire, Russia, and Kingdom of Sweden, Sweden. His sister Karoline of Baden, Caroline was the queen consort of Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, his sister Louise of Baden, Louise was the empress consort of Alexander I of Russia and his sister Frederica of Baden, Frederica was the queen consort of Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden. At the age of 15, Charles went on a journey to visit his sisters in their courts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Princess Consort
Princess consort is an official title or an informal designation that is normally accorded to the wife of a sovereign prince. The title may be used for the wife of a king if the more usual designation of queen consort is not used. More informally, it may even be used to describe the family position of any woman who marries royalty non-morganatically, if the rank she derives from that marriage is at least that of a princess (e.g., Grace Kelly was ''Princess Consort'' during marriage, whereas Liliane Baels and Countess Juliana von Hauke are not usually so described). The "consort" part is often dropped when speaking or writing of a princess consort, and the term is only capitalized when the title is borne officially. Currently, there are two princess consorts: one the wife of a reigning sovereign king and the other the wife of a reigning sovereign prince. United Kingdom In 2005, Clarence House announced that, when Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall's husband Charles, Prince of Wales ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stéphanie De Beauharnais
Stéphanie, Grand Duchess of Baden (Stéphanie Louise Adrienne de Beauharnais; 28 August 1789 – 29 January 1860) was a French princess and the Grand Duchess consort of Baden by marriage to Karl, Grand Duke of Baden. Biography Early life Born in Versailles at the beginning of the French Revolution, Stéphanie was the daughter of Claude de Beauharnais, 2nd Count des Roches-Baritaud (1756–1819). In 1783 the 2nd Count married Claudine Françoise de Lezay (1767–1791). The marriage resulted in the birth of first her older brother Alberic de Beauharnais (1786–1791) and then Stephanie herself. Her father remarried in 1799 to Suzanne Fortin-Duplessis (1775–1850). On 13 December 1779 Alexandre, Vicomte de Beauharnais, first cousin of her father, married Joséphine Tascher de la Pagerie. On 23 July 1794, Alexandre was guillotined. Joséphine had affairs with several influential figures of the French Directory, including Paul François Jean Nicolas Barras. The latter would intro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1952 In France
Events from the year 1952 in France. Incumbents *President: Vincent Auriol *President of the Council of Ministers: ** until 20 January: René Pleven ** 20 January-8 March: Edgar Faure ** starting 8 March: Antoine Pinay Events *25 February – Battle of Hòa Bình ends in defeat for French forces by the Việt Minh in Vietnam. *1 October – Operation Bretagne begins in Vietnam. *19 October – Alain Bombard begins to sail from Canary Islands to Barbados in 65 days; he reaches them 23 December. *29 October – Operation Lorraine begins. *October – Battle of Nà Sản begins. *8 November – Operation Lorraine ends with no decisive result. *2 December – Battle of Nà Sản ends in French victory. *Luxury brand Givenchy is founded by fashion designer Hubert de Givenchy. Arts and literature *1 June – Roman Catholic Church bans books of André Gide. Sport *25 June – Tour de France begins. *19 July – Tour de France ends, won by Fausto Coppi Angelo Fausto Coppi (; 15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabrielle Petit (feminist)
Gabrielle Petit ( Mathieu; November 26, 1860 – 1952), was a French feminist activist, anticlerical, libertarian socialist, and newspaper editor. Independent of any political party, she collaborated with trade unionists and Freethought activists. She founded the newspaper (The Emancipated Woman) where she denounced prostitution. At conferences, she spoke about the emancipation of women, birth control, the evils of militarism, and support for workers' strikes. Early life and education Gabrielle Mathieu was born in Cayrols, November 26, 1860, into a family of millers in Cantal. She worked from the age of eight, helping her parents and looking after the goats. At the age of 14, Petit experienced her first encounter with the law for throwing stones on the railway track, at a moving train; she and her friend were fined. She did not go to school and as she explained during her first trial:— "Until I was 20, I had no other teacher than nature, the fields, the meadows and the forest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1934 In France
Events from the year 1934 in France. Incumbents *President: Albert Lebrun *President of the Council of Ministers: ** until 30 January: Camille Chautemps ** 30 January-9 February: Édouard Daladier ** 9 February-8 November: Gaston Doumergue ** starting 8 November: Pierre-Étienne Flandin Events *6 February – an anti-parliamentarist demonstration organised in Paris by far-right leagues, finished in a riot and led to a political crisis. *9 February – Gaston Doumergue forms a new government. *9 October – King Alexander of Yugoslavia and French foreign minister, Louis Barthou, are assassinated during the king's state visit in Marseilles. *2 December – first public performance by the Quintette du Hot Club de France at the Ecole Normale de Musique, 78 rue Cardinet in Paris, as "Un orchestre d'un genre nouveau de Jazz Hot", led by Django Reinhardt. Sport *6 April – The French Rugby League was formed. *3 July – Tour de France begins. *29 July – Tour de France ends, won ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of France
The president of France, officially the president of the French Republic (french: Président de la République française), is the executive head of state of France, and the commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces. As the presidency is the supreme magistracy of the country, the position is the highest office in France. The powers, functions and duties of prior presidential offices, in addition to their relation with the Prime Minister of France, prime minister and Government of France, have over time differed with the various constitutional documents since the French Second Republic, Second Republic. The president of the French Republic is the ''Ex officio member, ex officio'' Co-Princes of Andorra, co-prince of Andorra, grand master of the Legion of Honour and of the Ordre national du Mérite, National Order of Merit. The officeholder is also honorary proto-canon of the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran in Rome, although some have rejected the title in the past. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of France
The prime minister of France (french: link=no, Premier ministre français), officially the prime minister of the French Republic, is the head of government of the French Republic and the leader of the Council of Ministers. The prime minister is the holder of the second-highest office in France, after the president of France. The president, who appoints but cannot dismiss the prime minister, can ask for their resignation. The Government of France, including the prime minister, can be dismissed by the National Assembly. Upon appointment, the prime minister proposes a list of ministers to the president. Decrees and decisions signed by the prime minister, like almost all executive decisions, are subject to the oversight of the administrative court system. Some decrees are taken after advice from the Council of State (french: link=no, Conseil d'État), over which the prime minister is entitled to preside. Ministers defend the programmes of their ministries to the prime minister, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymond Poincaré
Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré (, ; 20 August 1860 – 15 October 1934) was a French statesman who served as President of France from 1913 to 1920, and three times as Prime Minister of France. Trained in law, Poincaré was elected deputy in 1887 and served in the cabinets of Dupuy and Ribot. In 1902, he co-founded the Democratic Republican Alliance, the most important centre-right party under the Third Republic, becoming Prime Minister in 1912 and serving as President of the Republic from 1913 to 1920. He purged the French government of all opponents and critics and single-handedly controlled French foreign policy from 1912 to the beginning of World War I. He was noted for his strongly anti-German attitudes, shifting the Franco-Russian Alliance from the defensive to the offensive, visiting Russia in 1912 and 1914 to strengthen Franco-Russian relations, and giving France's support for Russian military mobilization during the July Crisis of 1914. From 1917, he exercised less ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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