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1822 In France
Events from the year 1822 in France. Incumbents * Monarch – Louis XVIII * Prime Minister – Joseph de Villèle Events *20 October - Congress of Verona, at which Russia, Austria and Prussia approve French intervention in Spain. * Hieroglyphs deciphered by Thomas Young and Jean-François Champollion using the Rosetta Stone. Births *8 February - Maxime Du Camp, writer and photographer (died 1894) *4 March - Jules Antoine Lissajous, mathematician (died 1880) *8 March - Charles Frédéric Girard, biologist (died 1895) *11 March - Joseph Louis François Bertrand, mathematician (died 1900) *7 May - André Garin, missionary and parish priest (died 1895) *20 May - Frédéric Passy, economist, joint winner (with Henry Dunant) of first Nobel Peace Prize, 1901 (died 1912) *26 May - Edmond de Goncourt, writer, critic and book publisher (died 1896) *13 September - Maurice Jean Auguste Girard, entomologist (died 1886) *19 October - Louis-Nicolas Ménard, man of letters (die ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Writer
A writer is a person who uses written words in different writing styles and techniques to communicate ideas. Writers produce different forms of literary art and creative writing such as novels, short stories, books, poetry, travelogues, plays, screenplays, teleplays, songs, and essays as well as other reports and news articles that may be of interest to the general public. Writers' texts are published across a wide range of media. Skilled writers who are able to use language to express ideas well, often contribute significantly to the cultural content of a society. The term "writer" is also used elsewhere in the arts and music, such as songwriter or a screenwriter, but also a stand-alone "writer" typically refers to the creation of written language. Some writers work from an oral tradition. Writers can produce material across a number of genres, fictional or non-fictional. Other writers use multiple media such as graphics or illustration to enhance the commun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Dunant
Henry Dunant (born Jean-Henri Dunant; 8 May 182830 October 1910), also known as Henri Dunant, was a Swiss humanitarian, businessman, and social activist. He was the visionary, promoter, and co-founder of the Red Cross. In 1901, he received the first Nobel Peace Prize together with Frédéric Passy. Dunant was the first Swiss Nobel laureate. In 1859, Dunant was witness to the aftermath of the Battle of Solferino in Italy. He recorded his memories and experiences in the book '' A Memory of Solferino'' which inspired the creation of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 1863. The 1864 Geneva Convention was based on Dunant's idea for an independent organization to care for wounded soldiers. Dunant was the founder of the Swiss branch of the YMCA. Early life and education Dunant was born in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1828 as the first son of businessman Jean-Jacques Dunant and Antoinette Dunant-Colladon. His family was devoutly Calvinist and had significant influenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economics
Economics () is the social science that studies the Production (economics), production, distribution (economics), distribution, and Consumption (economics), consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of Agent (economics), economic agents and how economy, economies work. Microeconomics analyzes what's viewed as basic elements in the economy, including individual agents and market (economics), markets, their interactions, and the outcomes of interactions. Individual agents may include, for example, households, firms, buyers, and sellers. Macroeconomics analyzes the economy as a system where production, consumption, saving, and investment interact, and factors affecting it: employment of the resources of labour, capital, and land, currency inflation, economic growth, and public policies that have impact on glossary of economics, these elements. Other broad distinctions within economics include those between positive economics, desc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frédéric Passy
Frédéric Passy (20 May 182212 June 1912) was a French economist and pacifist who was a founding member of several peace societies and the Inter-Parliamentary Union. He was also an author and politician, sitting in the Chamber of Deputies from 1881 until 1889. He was a joint winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1901 for his work in the European peace movement. Born in Paris to a prominent Catholic and Orléanist family, Passy was surrounded by military veterans and politicians. After training in law, he worked as an accountant and served in the National Guard. He soon left this position and began travelling around France giving lectures on economics. Following years of violent conflicts across Europe, Passy joined the peace movement in the 1850s, working with several notable activists and writers to develop journals, articles, and educational curricula. While sitting in the Chamber of Deputies, Passy developed the Inter-parliamentary Conference (later the Inter-Parliamentary Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Garin
André Garin (May 7, 1822 – February 16, 1895) was a Catholic priest, missionary, and oblate. Biography Garin was born in La Côte-Saint-André, Isère, France. He received his education at the lesser seminary of his native town, and entered the Order of the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate on November 1, 1842. As he was still too young to be admitted to the priesthood, he was sent to Canada, where he was ordained on April 25, 1845, by Bishop Bourget of Montreal. Garin, who spoke both Montagnais and English, worked for twelve years in the Indian missions of Eastern Canada. In 1847 he succeeded Jean-Nicolas Laverlochère as missionary to James Bay, and completed Laverlochère's work on a catechism and prayerbook translated into Cree. Afterwards he occupied the post of superior successively at Plattsburgh and at Buffalo, New York. Later, Garin was sent to minister to the French Canadians in Lowell, Massachusetts Lowell () is a city in Massachusetts, in the United St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1900 In France
Events from the year 1900 in France. Incumbents *President: Émile Loubet *President of the Council of Ministers: Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau Events * 31 March – The length of a workday for women and children is limited to 11 hours by law. * 1 April – Every French policeman is assigned to carry a gun. * 14 April – Paris World Exhibition opens. * 21 April – Battle of Kousséri takes place in Chad, linking all French possessions in Western Africa. * 27 June – Treaty of Paris is signed between the Spanish Empire and the French Empire by which Río Muni is relieved of all conflicting claims. * 19 July – The first line of the Métro is inaugurated in Paris. * First Michelin Guide published. Arts and literature * 2 February – First performance of Gustave Charpentier's opera, ''Louise''. * 21 November – Claude Monet's paintings shown at Gallery Durand-Ruel in Paris Sport * 14 May–28 October - Olympic Games held in Paris. Births January to March * 3 January – Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Louis François Bertrand
Joseph Louis François Bertrand (; 11 March 1822 – 5 April 1900) was a French mathematician who worked in the fields of number theory, differential geometry, probability theory, economics and thermodynamics. Biography Joseph Bertrand was the son of physician Alexandre Jacques François Bertrand and the brother of archaeologist Alexandre Bertrand. His father died when Joseph was only nine years old, but that did not stand in his way of learning and understanding algebraic and elementary geometric concepts, and he also could speak Latin fluently, all when he was of the same age of nine. At eleven years old he attended the course of the École Polytechnique as an auditor (open courses). From age eleven to seventeen, he obtained two bachelor's degrees, a license and a PhD with a thesis on the mathematical theory of electricity and is admitted first to the 1839 entrance examination of the École Polytechnique. Bertrand was a professor at the École Polytechnique and Collège de Fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1895 In France
Events January–March * January 5 – Dreyfus affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank, and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island. * January 12 – The National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty is founded in England by Octavia Hill, Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley. * January 13 – First Italo-Ethiopian War: Battle of Coatit – Italian forces defeat the Ethiopians. * January 17 – Félix Faure is elected President of the French Republic, after the resignation of Jean Casimir-Perier. * February 9 – Mintonette, later known as volleyball, is created by William G. Morgan at Holyoke, Massachusetts. * February 11 – The lowest ever UK temperature of is recorded at Braemar, in Aberdeenshire. This record is equalled in 1982, and again in 1995. * February 14 – Oscar Wilde's last play, the comedy ''The Importance of Being Earnest'', is first shown at St J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biologist
A biologist is a scientist who conducts research in biology. Biologists are interested in studying life on Earth, whether it is an individual cell, a multicellular organism, or a community of interacting populations. They usually specialize in a particular branch (e.g., molecular biology, zoology, and evolutionary biology) of biology and have a specific research focus (e.g., studying malaria or cancer). Biologists who are involved in basic research have the aim of advancing knowledge about the natural world. They conduct their research using the scientific method, which is an empirical method for testing hypotheses. Their discoveries may have applications for some specific purpose such as in biotechnology, which has the goal of developing medically useful products for humans. In modern times, most biologists have one or more academic degrees such as a bachelor's degree plus an advanced degree like a master's degree or a doctorate. Like other scientists, biologists can be fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Frédéric Girard
Charles Frédéric Girard (8 March 1822 – 29 January 1895) was a French biologist specializing in ichthyology and herpetology. Born in Mulhouse, France, he studied at the College of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, as a student of Louis Agassiz. In 1847, he accompanied Agassiz as his assistant to Harvard University. Three years later, Spencer Fullerton Baird called him to the Smithsonian Institution to work on its growing collection of North American reptiles, amphibians and fishes. He worked at the museum for the next ten years and published numerous papers, many in collaboration with Baird. In 1854, he was naturalized as a U.S. citizen. Besides his work at the Smithsonian, he managed to earn an M.D. from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. in 1856. In 1859 he returned to France and was awarded the Cuvier Prize by the Institute of France for his work on the North American reptiles and fishes two years later. When the American Civil War broke out, he joined the Confederate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1880 In France
Events from the year 1880 in France. Incumbents *President: Jules Grévy *President of the Council of Ministers: Charles de Freycinet (until 23 September), Jules Ferry (starting 23 September) Events * 29 June – France annexes Tahiti. * Musée Carnavalet is opened to the public as a museum of Paris history. * Discovery of piezoelectricity by Pierre Curie and Jacques Curie. Births * 14 January – Pierre-Marie Gerlier, Cardinal (died 1965) * 5 February – Gabriel Voisin, aviation pioneer (died 1973) * 20 February – Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen, aristocrat, novelist and poet (died 1923) * 21 February – Pierre Chaumié, politician (died 1966) * 17 April – Jacques Suzanne, painter, artist and explorer (died 1967) * 25 May – Jean Alexandre Barré, neurologist (died 1967) * 26 August – Guillaume Apollinaire, poet, writer and art critic (died 1918) * 12 October – Marcel-Bruno Gensoul, admiral (d. 1973) * 8 December – Clément-Emile Roques, Cardinal (died 1964) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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