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1804 In France
Events from the year 1804 in France Incumbents * French Consulate (until 18 May) then Napoleon I Events * 21 March – The Napoleonic Code entered into force, forbidding privileges based on birth, allowing freedom of religion, and specifying that government jobs should go to the most qualified * 14 May – Napoleon Bonaparte was given the title of Emperor by the French Senate. * 18 May – First French Empire established. * 2–3 October – Raid on Boulogne * November – Constitutional referendum concerning the establishment of the French Empire * 2 December – Coronation of Napoleon I Births * 3 October – Allan Kardec, writer (died 1869) * 19 October – Francisque Joseph Duret, sculptor (died 1865) * 24 December – Édouard Chassaignac, surgeon (died 1879) Deaths * 28 February – Marie Louise Marcadet, opera singer and actress (born 1758 in Sweden) * 20 September – Pierre Méchain, astronomer (born 1744) * 2 October &n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allan Kardec
Allan Kardec () is the pen name of the French educator, translator, and author Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail (; 3 October 1804 – 31 March 1869). He is the author of the five books known as the Spiritist Codification, and the founder of Spiritism.Moreira-Almeida, Alexander (2008)''Allan Kardec and the development of a research program in psychic experiences'' Proceedings of the Parapsychological Association & Society for Psychical Research Convention. Winchester, UK. Early life Rivail was born in Lyon in 1804 and raised as a Roman Catholic. He pursued interests in philosophy and the sciences, and became an acolyte and colleague of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Rivail completed a number of educational courses including a Bachelor of Arts degrees in science and a doctorate in medicine. He was also fluent in German, English, Italian, and Spanish, in addition to his native French. Kardec became interested in Protestantism after his education in Switzerland. He was a member of s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armand-Gaston Camus
Armand-Gaston Camus (2 April 17402 November 1804), French revolutionist, was a successful lawyer and advocate before the French Revolution. He was the son of Pierre Camus, a lawyer in the Parlement of Paris. Camus is considered the founder of the Archives Nationales, as in 1789 he was appointed as archivist of its predecessor, the Commission des archives of the Assembly ( Estates-General). He served in this role until his death. French Revolution In 1789 Camus was elected by the Third Estate of Paris to the Estates-General; he attracted attention by his speeches against social inequalities. He was one of the National Assembly's earliest presidents (28 October11 November 1789), and he was the most frequent speaker: no one addressed the Assembly more times than he did (more than 600 times); d'André is second at 497, and le Chapelier third at 447. Camus was so frequently called upon to speak mostly because of his expertise in canon law. Camus was appointed on 14 August 1789 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoine Baumé
Antoine Baumé (26 February 172815 October 1804) was a French chemist. Life He was born at Senlis. He was apprenticed to the chemist Claude Joseph Geoffroy, and in 1752 was admitted a member of the École de Pharmacie, where in the same year he was appointed professor of chemistry. The money he made in a business he carried on in Paris for dealing in chemical products enabled him to retire in 1780 in order to devote himself to applied chemistry, but, ruined in the Revolution, he was obliged to return to a commercial career. He devised many improvements in technical processes, e.g. for bleaching silk, dyeing, gilding, purifying saltpetre, etc., but he is best known as the inventor of the Baumé scale hydrometer or "spindle" which provides scientific measurements for the density of liquids. The scale remains associated with his name but is often improperly spelt "Beaumé". Of the numerous books and papers he wrote the most important is his ''Éléments de pharmacie théorique et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot (26 February 1725 – 2 October 1804) was a French inventor who built the world's first full-size and working self-propelled mechanical land-vehicle, the "Fardier à vapeur" – effectively the world's first automobile. Background He was born in Void-Vacon, Lorraine, (now ' of Meuse), France. He trained as a military engineer. In 1765, he began experimenting with working models of steam-engine-powered vehicles for the French Army, intended for transporting cannons. First self-propelled vehicle French Army captain Cugnot was one of the first to successfully employ a device for converting the reciprocating motion of a steam piston into a rotary motion by means of a ratchet arrangement. A small version of his three-wheeled ''fardier à vapeur'' ("steam dray") was made and used in 1769 (a ''fardier'' was a massively built two-wheeled horse-drawn cart for transporting very heavy equipment, such as cannon barrels). In 1770, a full-size version of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Méchain
Pierre François André Méchain (; 16 August 1744 – 20 September 1804) was a French astronomer and surveyor who, with Charles Messier, was a major contributor to the early study of deep-sky objects and comets. Life Pierre Méchain was born in Laon, the son of the ceiling designer and plasterer Pierre François Méchain and Marie–Marguerite Roze. He displayed mental gifts in mathematics and physics but had to give up his studies for lack of money. However, his talents in astronomy were noticed by Jérôme Lalande, for whom he became a friend and proof-reader of the second edition of his book "L'Astronomie". Lalande then secured a position for him as assistant hydrographer with the Naval Depot of Maps and Charts at Versailles, where he worked through the 1770s engaged in hydrographic work and coastline surveying. It was during this time—approximately 1774—that he met Charles Messier, and apparently, they became friends. In the same year, he also produced his first astron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1758 In Sweden
Events from the year 1758 in Sweden Incumbents * Monarch – Adolf Frederick Events * * 28 September - Battle of Fehrbellin (1758) * 14 October - First issue of ''Norrköpings Tidningar''.”Kungl. Bibliotekets elektroniska version av Bernhard Lundstedt Sveriges periodiska litteratur, post I:70” * * * * Births * * 12 February - Claës Fredrik Hornstedt, naturalist (died 1809) * * * 30 August - Jonas Carl Linnerhielm, State Herald of Sweden, artist and writer (died 129) * 3 December – Marie Louise Marcadet, opera singer and actress (died 1804) * 31 December - Sophie Hagman, ballerina and royal mistress (died 1826) Deaths * * 29 April - Georg Carl von Döbeln, Lieutenant General and war hero (born 1720) * 20 May – Henric Benzelius, clergyman (born 1689) * * * * 26 October - Johan Helmich Roman, musician (born 1) * - Katarina Asplund, religious figure (born 1690) * - Ulrika Eleonora von Düben, royal favorite (born 1722) References Ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marie Louise Marcadet
Marie Louise Marcadet née ''Baptiste'' (3 December 1758 – 28 February 1804) was a Swedish opera singer and a dramatic stage actress of French origin. She was active in the Royal Swedish Opera as a singer, and in the Royal Dramatic Theatre and the French Theater of Gustav III as an actress. She was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music from 1795. Life Marie Louise Marcadet was born in Sweden as the daughter of the French actors Marie Baptiste and Jacques Anselme Baptiste. Her parents where both engaged at the French theater in Stockholm, and she was trained as a stage artists by them. The Baptiste family left Sweden in 1771, when the French theater was dissolved by Gustav III of Sweden upon his succession to the throne. She returned to Sweden with her parents in 1776, and performed with some of the French actors of the old theater, which entertained the Swedish royal court in a smaller scale, until a new French theater was established in 1781. In 1780, she marr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Édouard Chassaignac
Édouard-Pierre-Marie Chassaignac (24 December 1804 – 26 August 1879) was a French physician.Dr Horteloup Éloge de M. Édouard-Pierre-Marie Chassaignac,... prononcé à la ... - 1882 He was born in Nantes and in 1835 became prosector and professor at the university and physician at the central bureau of the hospitals of Paris. He originated the surgical operation known as ''écrasement'', by means of which tumors, piles, polypi, and other growths may be removed without the effusion of blood. The general introduction of drainage in surgery is also due to his initiative. He introduced the use of drainage tubes into surgery. Written works He wrote ''Traité de l'écrasement linéaire'' (1856); ''Leçons sur la trachéométrie'' (1855); ''Clinique chirurgicale'' (1854–58); ''Traité pratique de la suppuration et du drainage chirurgical'' (two volumes, 1859). With Gustave-Antoine Richelot (1806-1893) he published a French translation of the surgical works of Astley Coo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon
''Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon'' is a Danish encyclopedia that has been published in several editions. The first edition, ''Salmonsens Store Illustrerede Konversationsleksikon'' was published in nineteen volumes 1893–1911 by Brødrene Salmonsens Forlag, and named after the publisher Isaac Salmonsen. The second edition, ''Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon'', was published in 26 volumes 1915–1930, under the editorship of Christian Blangstrup (volume 1–21), and Johannes Brøndum-Nielsen and Palle Raunkjær (volume 22–26), issued by J. H. Schultz Forlagsboghandel. Editions * ''Salmonsens Store Illustrerede Konversationsleksikon'', 19 volumes, Copenhagen: Brødrene Salmonsen, 1893–1911 * ''Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon'', 2nd edition, editors: Christian Blangstrup (I–XXI), Johannes Brøndum-Nielsen and Palle Raunkjær (XXII–XXVI), 26 volumes, Copenhagen: J. H. Schultz Forlagsboghandel, 1915–1930. * ''Den Lille Salmonsen'', 3rd edition, 12 volumes, Copenhage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisque Joseph Duret
Francisque Joseph Duret (; 19 October 1804 – 26 May 1865) was a French sculptor, son and pupil of François-Joseph Duret (1732–1816). Life and career Before becoming a sculptor, Francisque Duret had shown interest in pursuing a career in theater. He studied for a brief time at the Conservatoire and his friend Charles Blanc (1813-1882), in an article which he dedicated in 1866, attested to the quality of observing human behavior which Duret had acquired outside his studies of drama: "His continual studies of the pantomime led him to pin down the language of gesture and the meaning of each disposition". Finally, it was the work of the sculptor which he decided to pursue. After his tutelage under his father, who passed when Duret was but twelve years old, he also studied under Bosio, and won the Prix de Rome in 1823, which he shared with Augustin Dumont for the bas-relief '' Evandre sur le corps de son fils Pallas''. He remained in Italy until 1828. Upon his return to Paris, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
