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1736 In Archaeology
Events January–March * January 12 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, becomes the first Field Marshal of Great Britain. * January 23 – The Civil Code of 1734 is passed in Sweden. * January 26 – Stanislaus I of Poland abdicates his throne. * February 12 – Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor marries Maria Theresa of Austria, ruler of the Habsburg Empire. * March 8 – Nader Shah, founder of the Afsharid dynasty, is crowned Shah of Iran on a date selected by court astrologers. * March 31 – Bellevue Hospital is founded in New York. April–June * April 14 – The Porteous Riots erupt in Edinburgh (Scotland), after the execution of smuggler Andrew Wilson, when town guard Captain John Porteous orders his men to fire at the crowd. Porteous is arrested later. * April 14 – German adventurer Theodor Stephan Freiherr von Neuhoff is crowned King Theodore of Corsica, 25 days after his arrival on Corsica on March 20. His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March 31
Events Pre-1600 * 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine the Great, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian. *1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay, urging the necessity of a Second Crusade. Louis VII of France, Louis VII is present, and joins the Crusade. *1492 – Queen Isabella I of Castile, Isabella of Castile issues the Alhambra Decree, ordering her 150,000 Spanish and Portuguese Jews, Jewish and Moors, Muslim subjects to convert to Christianity or face expulsion. *1521 – Ferdinand Magellan and Magellan's circumnavigation, fifty of his men came ashore to present-day Limasawa to participate in the First Mass in the Philippines, first Catholic mass in the Philippines. 1601–1900 *1657 – The Long Parliament presents the Humble Petition and Advice offering Oliver Cromwell the British throne, which he eventually declines. *1717 – A sermon on "The Nature of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
May 8
Events Pre-1600 * 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs an edict providing tax relief for the Italian provinces Tuscia, Campania, Picenum, Samnium, Apulia, Lucania and Calabria, which were plundered by the Visigoths. * 589 – Reccared I opens the Third Council of Toledo, marking the entry of Visigothic Spain into the Catholic Church. * 1360 – Treaty of Brétigny drafted between King Edward III of England and King John II of France (the Good).p118 Hersch Lauterpacht, "Volume 20 of International Law Reports, Cambridge University Press, 1957, * 1373 – Julian of Norwich, a Christian mystic and anchoress, experiences the deathbed visions described in her ''Revelations of Divine Love''. *1429 – Joan of Arc lifts the Siege of Orléans, turning the tide of the Hundred Years' W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyōhō Reforms
The were an array of economic and cultural policies introduced by the Tokugawa shogunate between 1722–1730 during the Edo period to improve its political and social status. These reforms were instigated by the eighth Tokugawa ''shōgun'' of Japan, Tokugawa Yoshimune, encompassing the first 20 years of his shogunate. The name Kyōhō Reforms, refers to the ''Kyōhō'' period (July 1716 – April 1736). Purpose of the reforms The reforms were aimed at making the Tokugawa shogunate financially solvent, and to some degree, to improve its political and social security. Because of the tensions between Confucian ideology and the economic reality of Tokugawa Japan (Confucian principles that money was defiling vs. the necessity for a cash economy), Yoshimune found it necessary to shelve certain Confucian principles that were hampering his reform process. The Kyōhō Reforms included an emphasis on frugality, as well as the formation of merchant guilds that allowed greater control ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genbun
was a after '' Kyōhō'' and before ''Kanpō.'' This period spanned the years from April 1736 through February 1741. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * 1736 : To mark the enthronement of Sakuramachi, the era was changed to ''Genbun'' (meaning "Original civility"). The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Kyōhō'' 21, on the 21st day of the 4th month. Events of the ''Genbun'' era * 1736 (''Genbun 1''): The shogunate published an edict declaring that henceforth, the sole, authorized coinage in the empire would be those copper coins which were marked on the obverse with the character 文 (pronounced ''bun'' in Japanese or pronounced ''wen'' in Chinese—which is to say, the same character which is found in this era name of ''Genbun'').Titsingh p. 418./ref> * 1737 (''Genbun 2, 11th month''): A comet is noticed in the western part of the sky. * 1738 (''Genbun 3''): Esoteric Shinto rituals were performed by the emperor. * 1739 (''Genbun 4''): Some foundrymen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April
April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. It is the first of four months to have a length of 30 days, and the second of five months to have a length of less than 31 days. April is commonly associated with the season of autumn in parts of the Southern Hemisphere, and spring in parts of the Northern Hemisphere, where it is the seasonal equivalent to October in the Southern Hemisphere and vice versa. History The Romans gave this month the Latin name '' Aprilis''"April" in '' Chambers's Encyclopædia''. London: George Newnes, 1961, Vol. 1, p. 497. but the derivation of this name is uncertain. The traditional etymology is from the verb ''aperire'', "to open", in allusion to its being the season when trees and flowers begin to "open", which is supported by comparison with the modern Greek use of άνοιξη (''ánixi'') (opening) for spring. Since some of the Roman months were named in honor of divinities, and as April was s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stony Stratford
Stony Stratford is a constituent town of Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, England. Historically it was a market town on the important route from London to Chester (Watling Street, now the A5). It is also the name of a civil parish with a town council within the City of Milton Keynes. It is in the north-west corner of the Milton Keynes urban area, bordering Northamptonshire and separated from it by the River Great Ouse. History Since at least Roman times, there has been a settlement here at the ford of Watling Street over the Great Ouse. The town's market charter dates from 1194 and its status as a town from 1215. The town name is Anglo-Saxon in origin, and means "stony ford on a Roman road". The road in this instance is Watling Street, which runs through the middle of the town and crosses the River Ouse just outside it (nowadays by bridge). In 1789, at Windmill Field (probably) in the parish of Old Stratford near Stony Stratford, an urn was uncovered which contained three f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
April 19
Events Pre-1600 *AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at Raqqa (northern Syria). * 797 – Empress Irene organizes a conspiracy against her son, the Byzantine emperor Constantine VI. He is deposed and blinded. Shortly after, Constantine dies of his wounds; Irene proclaims herself ''basileus''. *1506 – The Lisbon Massacre begins, in which accused Jews are slaughtered by Portuguese Catholics. * 1529 – Beginning of the Protestant Reformation: After the Second Diet of Speyer bans Lutheranism, a group of rulers (''German:'' Fürst) and independent cities protests the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms. * 1539 – The Treaty of Frankfurt between Protestants and the Holy Roman Emperor is signed. 1601–1900 *1608 – In Ireland: O'Doherty's Rebellion is launched by the Burn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodore Of Corsica
Theodore I of Corsica (25 August 169411 December 1756), born Freiherr Theodor Stephan von Neuhoff, was a low-ranking German title of nobility, usually translated "Baron". was a German adventurer who was briefly King of Corsica. Theodore is the subject of an opera by G. Paisiello, ''Il re Teodoro in Venezia'' (1784, Vienna), and one of the six kings in Venice in Voltaire's ''Candide''. Biography Theodor von Neuhoff was born in Cologne as the son of a Westphalian nobleman Baron Leopold Wilhelm von Neuhoff zu Pungelscheid and his wife, Amélie Collin. Educated at the court of France, he served first in the French army and then in that of Sweden. Baron de Goertz, minister to Charles XII, realizing Neuhoff's capacity for intrigue, sent him to England, and to Spain to negotiate with Cardinal Alberoni. Having failed in this mission he returned to Sweden and then went to Spain, where he served Alberoni until his exile, then the Baron Ripperda, and was made colonel and married one of the q ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Porteous (soldier)
Captain John Porteous (c. 1695 – 1736), was a Scottish soldier and Captain of the Edinburgh City or Town Guard. Early life John Porteous was born at The Glen, Quair Water, near Traquair, in the Borders, the son of Stephen Porteous, a tailor of the Canongate, Edinburgh. Little is known of his early life, except that he soon found he was not suited to his father's calling. Having served in the Scots Brigade in the United Netherlands, in 1716 he became drill master to the Edinburgh force in anticipation of a Jacobite rising, and two years later was appointed as ensign to the City Guard, and was promoted in 1726 to the rank of captain. Porteous seems to have been an overbearing official, despised by the mob and the underclasses of Edinburgh society. In 1724 he lost a wager of 20 guineas in playing a game of golf on Leith Links against Alexander Elphinstone, the brother of Lord Balmerino. The wager attracted a small crowd including the Duke of Hamilton and George Douglas. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Town Guard
A city guard, city watch, town guard, or town watch, was a law enforcement and security formation found in many countries and historical periods, usually subordinate to the local municipal government. Historically, many cities had their own guard formations, which doubled as police and military forces in times of need. United States After 1830, with the Indian removal policy of the federal government giving white settlers a monopoly over the land east of the Mississippi, many states disbanded their unorganized militias in favor of volunteer militia units who frequently called themselves city or national guards. These companies performed functions such as assisting local law enforcement, providing troops for ceremonies and parades or acting as a benevolent social club. The groups of company size were usually uniformed and armed themselves as well as erecting armories through their own contributions. Volunteer units of sufficient size could elect their own officers and apply for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edinburgh
Edinburgh ( ; gd, Dùn Èideann ) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. Historically part of the county of Midlothian (interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921), it is located in Lothian on the southern shore of the Firth of Forth. Edinburgh is Scotland's List of towns and cities in Scotland by population, second-most populous city, after Glasgow, and the List of cities in the United Kingdom, seventh-most populous city in the United Kingdom. Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century, Edinburgh is the seat of the Scottish Government, the Scottish Parliament and the Courts of Scotland, highest courts in Scotland. The city's Holyrood Palace, Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official residence of the Monarchy of the United Kingdom, British monarchy in Scotland. The city has long been a centre of education, particularly in the fields of medicine, Scots law, Scottish law, literature, philosophy, the sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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