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1727 In Science
The year 1727 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Maharaja Jai Singh II begins construction of the Jantar Mantar observatory at Jaipur. Biology * Rev. Stephen Hales publishes ''Vegetable Staticks'', containing an account of key experiments in plant physiology; and makes the first measurement of blood pressure. Forssmann, Werner. Nobel Lecture in Physiology or Medicine, 1956. Mathematics * This year's French Academy of Sciences prize is based on a problem on the masting of ships: to calculate the number of masts to use and where in the ship to locate them. Pierre Bouguer gains the award for his paper ''On the masting of ships''; and two other prizes, one for his dissertation ''On the best method of observing the altitude of stars at sea'' and the other for his paper ''On the best method of observing the variation of the compass at sea''. The 19-year-old Euler enters for the prize with an essay written in 1726 and published in 1728. Optics * Ey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boston
Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- most populous city in the country. The city boundaries encompass an area of about and a population of 675,647 as of 2020. It is the seat of Suffolk County (although the county government was disbanded on July 1, 1999). The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 4.8 million people in 2016 and ranking as the tenth-largest MSA in the country. A broader combined statistical area (CSA), generally corresponding to the commuting area and including Providence, Rhode Island, is home to approximately 8.2 million people, making it the sixth most populous in the United States. Boston is one of the oldest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Leonhard Rost
Johann Leonhard Rost (12 February 1688 – 22 March 1727) was a German astronomer and author from Nuremberg. He wrote under the alias Meletaon. The crater Rost on the Moon is named after him. His brother Johannes Carolus Rost was a famous doctor from Nuremberg, he is mostly known to be the personal doctor of Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg. Bibliography * Meletaon, "Schau-Platz der gelährten und galanten Welt", 1711. * Meletaon, "Die Unglückseelige Atalanta", 1717. * Rost, J. L., "Atlas Portatilis Coelestis", 1723. External links ''Atlas Portatilis Coelestis'', 1723- Full digital facsimile, Linda Hall Library The Linda Hall Library is a privately endowed American library of science, engineering and technology located in Kansas City, Missouri, sitting "majestically on a urban arboretum." It is the "largest independently funded public library of scien .... Biography & Bibliography by Hans Gaab and Olaf Simons 1688 births 1727 deaths 18th-century German ast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1643 In Science
The year 1643 in science and technology involved some significant events. Exploration * January 21 – Abel Tasman discovers the Tonga archipelago. * December 25 – Captain William Mynors of the British East India Company discovers Christmas Island. Meteorology * Evangelista Torricelli invents the mercury barometer. Births * January 4 ( NS) – Isaac Newton, English physicist (died 1727) * Jean de Fontaney, French Jesuit mathematician and astronomer (died 1710) * Pierre Dionis, French surgeon and anatomist (died 1718) Deaths * April 9 – Benedetto Castelli, Italian mathematician (born 1578) * November 3 ** John Bainbridge, English astronomer (born 1582) ** Paul Guldin, Swiss mathematician and astronomer (born 1577) * Sophia Brahe, Danish astronomer (born 1556) * Gasparo Berti, Italian mathematician, astronomer and physicist (born c. 1600) * Walter Warner, English scientist (born 1563 Year 1563 ( MDLXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. History One of the earliest known mathematicians were Thales of Miletus (c. 624–c.546 BC); he has been hailed as the first true mathematician and the first known individual to whom a mathematical discovery has been attributed. He is credited with the first use of deductive reasoning applied to geometry, by deriving four corollaries to Thales' Theorem. The number of known mathematicians grew when Pythagoras of Samos (c. 582–c. 507 BC) established the Pythagorean School, whose doctrine it was that mathematics ruled the universe and whose motto was "All is number". It was the Pythagoreans who coined the term "mathematics", and with whom the study of mathematics for its own sake begins. The first woman mathematician recorded by history was Hypati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physicist
A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe. Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate causes of phenomena, and usually frame their understanding in mathematical terms. Physicists work across a wide range of research fields, spanning all length scales: from sub-atomic and particle physics, through biological physics, to cosmological length scales encompassing the universe as a whole. The field generally includes two types of physicists: experimental physicists who specialize in the observation of natural phenomena and the development and analysis of experiments, and theoretical physicists who specialize in mathematical modeling of physical systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena. Physicists can apply their knowledge towards solving practical problems or to developing new technologies (also known as applie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English People
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language in England, English language, a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language, and share a common history and culture. The English identity is of History of Anglo-Saxon England, Anglo-Saxon origin, when they were known in Old English as the ('race or tribe of the Angles'). Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD. The English largely descend from two main historical population groups the West Germanic tribes (the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians) who settled in southern Britain following the withdrawal of the Ancient Rome, Romans, and the Romano-British culture, partially Romanised Celtic Britons already living there.Martiniano, R., Caffell, A., Holst, M. et al. Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons. Nat Commun 7, 10326 (2016). https://doi.org/10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author (described in his time as a "natural philosopher"), widely recognised as one of the greatest mathematicians and physicists and among the most influential scientists of all time. He was a key figure in the philosophical revolution known as the Enlightenment. His book (''Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy''), first published in 1687, established classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing infinitesimal calculus. In the , Newton formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation that formed the dominant scientific viewpoint for centuries until it was superseded by the theory of relativity. Newton used his mathematical description of gravity to derive Kepler's laws of planetary motion, account for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1806 In Science
The year 1806 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Biology * Publication begins in London of the ''Flora Graeca'' collected by John Sibthorp. * Pierre André Latreille begins publication in France of . Chemistry * November 20 – Humphry Davy presents the results of his researches in the electrolysis of water to the Royal Society of London. * Louis Nicolas Vauquelin and Pierre Jean Robiquet isolate asparagine in crystalline form from asparagus juice in France, the first amino acid identified. Exploration * August – English seal hunter Abraham Bristow discovers the Auckland Islands. Mathematics * Jean-Robert Argand introduces the Argand diagram. * Adrien-Marie Legendre gives the first published application of the method of least squares, in a supplement to his . Medicine * John Bell concludes publication of ''The Principles of Surgery'' in two volumes (1801–06). Its treatment of arterial surgery in particular ranks him as a founder of v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michel Adanson
Michel Adanson (7 April 17273 August 1806) was an 18th-century French botanist and naturalist who traveled to Senegal to study flora and fauna. He proposed a "natural system" of taxonomy distinct from the binomial system forwarded by Linnaeus. Personal history Adanson was born at Aix-en-Provence. His family moved to Paris in 1730. After leaving the Collège Sainte-Barbe he was employed in the cabinets of R. A. F. Réaumur and Bernard de Jussieu, as well as in the Jardin des Plantes, Paris. He attended lectures at the Jardin du Roi and the Collège Royal in Paris from 1741 to 1746. At the end of 1748, funded by a director of the Compagnie des Indes, he left France on an exploring expedition to Senegal. He remained there for five years, collecting and describing numerous animals and plants. He also collected specimens of every object of commerce, delineated maps of the country, made systematic meteorological and astronomical observations, and prepared grammars and dictionari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1807 In Science
The year 1807 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy * March 29 – H. W. Olbers discovers the asteroid which Carl Friedrich Gauss names Vesta. Chemistry * Potassium and sodium are isolated by Sir Humphry Davy. * The use of fulminate in firearms is patented by Scottish clergyman Alexander John Forsyth. Geology * The Geological Society is founded in London; among the more prominent founders are William Babington, James Parkinson, Humphry Davy and George Bellas Greenough. Mathematics * William Wallace proves that any two simple polygons of equal area are equidecomposable, later known as the Wallace–Bolyai–Gerwien theorem. Medicine * Samuel Hahnemann first introduces the term ' homeopathy' in an essay, "Indications of the Homeopathic Employment of Medicines in Ordinary Practice", published in ''Versammlung der Hufelandische medicinisch-chirurgischen Gesellschaft''. * British Army surgeon John Vetch describes the keratocon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand Berthoud
Ferdinand Berthoud (born 18 March 1727, in Plancemont-sur-Couvet, Principality of Neuchâtel; died 20 June 1807, in Groslay, Val d'Oise), was a scientist and watchmaker. He became master watchmaker in Paris in 1753. Berthoud, who held the position of Horologist-Mechanic by appointment to the King and the Navy, left behind him an exceptionally broad body of work, in particular in the field of marine chronometers. History Ferdinand Berthoud was born on 18 March 1727, in Plancemont, Val-de-Travers, in the Principality of Neuchâtel, which then belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia, into a distinguished family of watch and clock makers. His father, Jean Berthoud, was a master carpenter and architect. He was a burgher of Couvet, burgher of Neuchâtel, and justice of the peace for Val-de-Travers from 1717 to 1732. His mother, Judith Berthoud (1682–1765) was born in Couvet. Ferdinand had four brothers: Abraham (1708-?); Jean-Henry (1710–1790), justice of the peace for Val-de-Tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
