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1675 In Science
The year 1675 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * March 4 – John Flamsteed appointed as "astronomical observator", in effect, the first Astronomer Royal of England. * Giovanni Cassini discovers Saturn's Cassini Division. Exploration * The Antarctic Convergence is first crossed by Anthony de la Roché, who lands on South Georgia. Mathematics * November 11 – German polymath Gottfried Leibniz uses infinitesimal calculus for the first time to find the area under the graph of the function ''y=f(x)''. Births * February 28 – Guillaume Delisle, French cartographer (died 1726) Deaths * October – James Gregory, Scottish mathematician and astronomer (born 1638) * October 27 – Gilles de Roberval, French mathematician (born 1602) * November 11 – Thomas Willis, English physician (born 1621) * ''approx. date'' – John Jonston, Polish naturalist and physician (born 1603 Events January–June * February 25 – Dutch–Portug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1726 In Science
The year 1726 in science and technology involved some significant events. Botany * October 27 – Caleb Threlkeld publishes ''Synopsis Stirpium Hibernicarum .....Dispositarum sive Commentatio de Plantis Indigenis praesertim Dublinensibus instituta'' in Dublin, the first flora of Ireland. Medicine * A faculty of medicine is formally established at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, a predecessor of the University of Edinburgh Medical School. John Rutherford becomes Professor of Practice of Medicine. Technology * For clocks, the gridiron pendulum is developed by John Harrison, as a pendulum that compensates for temperature errors: a grid of alternating brass and steel rods is arranged so that the expansion due to heat is dissipated. Publications * Johann Beringer publishes ''Lithographiæ Wirceburgensis'' describing hoax fossils. Births * February 6 – Patrick Russell, Scottish-born surgeon and herpetologist (died 1805) * June 3 – James Hutton, Scottish geologist ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Jonston
John Jonston or Johnston ( pl, Jan Jonston; la, Joannes or or ; 15 September 1603– ) was a Polish scholar and physician, descended from Scottish nobility and closely associated with the Polish magnate Leszczyński family. Life Jonston was born in Szamotuły, the son of Simon Johnston, who had emigrated to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from Scotland. Jonston's early education was sponsored by one of his two paternal uncles who had come to the Commonwealth with his father. From 1611 Jonston attended the school of the Bohemian Brothers in Ostroróg, then the ''Schoenaichianum'' in Bytom, and from 1619 the '' gymnasium'' in Toruń, Royal Prussia. As a Calvinist, he could not attend the Catholic Jagiellonian University. Consequently he earned his first degree at the University of St Andrews (1622–25; M.A., 1623), where he studied theology, scholastic philosophy, and Hebrew. His sponsors included the Primate of All Scotland, John Spottiswood. In 1625 Jonston returned t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1621 In Science
The year 1621 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Johann Schreck (1576–1630), also known as Johannes Schreck, Terrenz or Terrentius, introduces the telescope to China. Botany * The University of Oxford Botanic Garden, the oldest botanical garden in Great Britain, is founded as a physic garden by Henry Danvers, 1st Earl of Danby. Medicine * Robert Burton publishes his treatise ''The Anatomy of Melancholy''. Physics * Willebrord Snellius formulates Snell's law on refraction. Technology * A simple microscope is developed. * Cornelius Vermuyden begins reclamation of Canvey Island in England. Births * January 27 – Thomas Willis, English physician who contributes to knowledge of the nervous and cardiovascular systems (died 1675) Deaths * July 2 – Thomas Harriot, English ethnographer, astronomer and mathematician (born c. 1560) * September 1 – Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī, Arab philosopher and astronomer (born 1547) * Jan Jesenius, Slo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physician
A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. Physicians may focus their practice on certain disease categories, types of patients, and methods of treatment—known as specialities—or they may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families, and communities—known as general practice. Medical practice properly requires both a detailed knowledge of the academic disciplines, such as anatomy and physiology, underlying diseases and their treatment—the ''science'' of medicine—and also a decent competence in its applied practice—the art or ''craft'' of medicine. Both the role of the physician and the meaning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English People
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language in England, English language, a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language, and share a common history and culture. The English identity is of History of Anglo-Saxon England, Anglo-Saxon origin, when they were known in Old English as the ('race or tribe of the Angles'). Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD. The English largely descend from two main historical population groups the West Germanic tribes (the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians) who settled in southern Britain following the withdrawal of the Ancient Rome, Romans, and the Romano-British culture, partially Romanised Celtic Britons already living there.Martiniano, R., Caffell, A., Holst, M. et al. Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons. Nat Commun 7, 10326 (2016). https://doi.org/10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Willis
Thomas Willis FRS (27 January 1621 – 11 November 1675) was an English doctor who played an important part in the history of anatomy, neurology and psychiatry, and was a founding member of the Royal Society. Life Willis was born on his parents' farm in Great Bedwyn, Wiltshire, where his father held the stewardship of the manor. He was a kinsman of the Willys baronets of Fen Ditton, Cambridgeshire. He graduated M.A. from Christ Church, Oxford in 1642.Willis, Thomas The Galileo Project. Galileo.rice.edu. Retrieved on 17 July 2012. In the Civil War years he was a royalist, dispossessed of the family farm at by Parliamentary forces. In the 1640s, Willis was one of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1602 In Science
The year 1602 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Thomas Blundeville publishes ''The Theoriques of the Seuen Planets'', assisted by Lancelot Browne. Chemistry * Vincenzio Cascarido discovers barium sulfide. * Commencement of publication of ''Theatrum Chemicum'', a compendium of European alchemical writings. Exploration * May 15 – Bartolomew Gosnold becomes the first European to discover Cape Cod. * Henry Briggs publishes his first mathematical work ''A Table to find the Height of the Pole, the Magnetical Declination being given'' in London. Medicine * Felix Plater publishes ''Praxis medica'' classifying diseases by their symptoms. Physics * Galileo begins his study of falling bodies. Births * March 18 – Jacques de Billy, French Jesuit mathematician (died 1679) * August 8 – Gilles de Roberval, French mathematician (died 1675) * November 20 – Otto von Guericke, German physicist (died 1686) Deaths * July 28 – Peder Sørensen, Dani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French People
The French people (french: Français) are an ethnic group and nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common French culture, history, and language, identified with the country of France. The French people, especially the native speakers of langues d'oïl from northern and central France, are primarily the descendants of Gauls (including the Belgae) and Romans (or Gallo-Romans, western European Celtic and Italic peoples), as well as Germanic peoples such as the Franks, the Visigoths, the Suebi and the Burgundians who settled in Gaul from east of the Rhine after the fall of the Roman Empire, as well as various later waves of lower-level irregular migration that have continued to the present day. The Norse also settled in Normandy in the 10th century and contributed significantly to the ancestry of the Normans. Furthermore, regional ethnic minorities also exist within France that have distinct lineages, languages and cultures such as Bretons in Brittany, Occi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilles De Roberval
Gilles Personne de Roberval (August 10, 1602 – October 27, 1675), French mathematician, was born at Roberval near Beauvais, France. His name was originally Gilles Personne or Gilles Personier, with Roberval the place of his birth. Biography Like René Descartes, he was present at the siege of La Rochelle in 1627. In the same year he went to Paris, and in 1631 he was appointed the philosophy chair at Gervais College, Paris. Two years after that, in 1633, he was also made the chair of mathematics at the Royal College of France. A condition of tenure attached to this particular chair was that the holder (Roberval, in this case) would propose mathematical questions for solution, and should resign in favour of any person who solved them better than himself. Notwithstanding this, Roberval was able to keep the chair till his death. Roberval was one of those mathematicians who, just before the invention of the infinitesimal calculus, occupied their attention with problems which are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1638 In Science
The year 1638 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * December 21 – Total eclipse of the Moon falls on the same day as the winter solstice, for the first time in the Common Era. Geology * (Italy). * . The epicentre was in Crotone. Physics * The final book of the now-blind Galileo, '' Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche, intorno à due nuove scienze'' is published in Leiden, dealing with the strength of materials and the motion of objects. In it, he discusses the square–cube law, the law of falling bodies and infinity. He also discusses his experimental method for measuring the speed of light; he has been unable to determine it over a short distance. Publications * Publication of '' The Man in the Moone, or the Discovrse of a Voyage thither'' "by Domingo Gonsales" (actually by Francis Godwin, Bishop of Hereford (died 1633)), an early example of science fiction. Births * January 1 ( NS January 11) – Nicolas Steno, Danish pioneer of geology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, galaxies – in either observational astronomy, observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, Sun, solar astronomy, the Star formation, origin or stellar evolution, evolution of stars, or the galaxy formation and evolution, formation of galaxies. A related but distinct subject is physical cosmology, which studies the Universe as a whole. Types Astronomers usually fall under either of two main types: observational astronomy, observational and theoretical astronomy, theoretical. Observational astronomers make direct observations of Astronomical object, celestial objects and analyze the data. In contrast, theoretical astronomers create and investigate C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
