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1637 In Science
The year 1637 in science and technology involved some significant events. Mathematics * René Descartes promotes intellectual rigour in '' Discours de la méthode pour bien conduire sa raison, et chercher la vérité dans les sciences'' and introduces the Cartesian coordinate system in its appendix ''La Géométrie'' (published in Leiden). * Pierre de Fermat conjectures Fermat's Last Theorem. Publications * May – Chinese encyclopedist Song Yingxing publishes his ''Tiangong Kaiwu'' ("Exploitation of the Works of Nature"). Births * February 12 – Jan Swammerdam, Dutch naturalist, pioneer of comparative anatomy and entomology (died 1680) * François Mauriceau, French obstetrician (died 1709) Deaths * June 24 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer (born 1580) * May 19 – Isaac Beeckman, Dutch philosopher and scientist (born 1588) * Henry Gellibrand, English mathematician (born 1597 Events January–June * January 24 – Battle of Turnhout: Maur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Mauriceau
François Mauriceau (1637 – 17 October 1709) was a French obstetrician. __TOC__ Life Born in Paris, he received his training in obstetrics at the Hôtel-Dieu. He was a leading obstetrician in 17th-century Europe — in 1668 he published, ''Traité des Maladies des Femmes Grosses et Accouchées'', a book that helped establish obstetrics as a science. It was eventually translated into several languages. He is also known for development of a classical manoeuvre of assisted breech delivery (Mauriceau-Levret manipulation). He gave a description of tubal pregnancy, and with German midwife Justine Siegemundin 1650–1705), he is credited for introducing the practice of puncturing the amniotic sac to arrest bleeding in placenta praevia. In 1670, English obstetrician Hugh Chamberlen tried to sell the secret of a specialized obstetrical forceps to him. Mauriceau became disgusted that the Chamberlen family kept such an important development a secret, and accused the Chamberlens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1597 In Science
The year 1597 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman define 12 southern constellations (1595–1597), introduced later by Johann Bayer in the 1603 text ''Uranometria'': Apus, Chamaeleon, Dorado, Grus, Hydrus, Indus, Musca, Pavo, Phoenix, Triangulum Australe, Tucana, Volans. Botany * John Gerard's ''The Herball, or generall historie of plantes'' published in London. Chemistry * Andreas Libavius's chemistry textbook ''Alchemia'' published. Births * April 13 – Giovanni Battista Hodierna, Italian astronomer (died 1660) * Henry Gellibrand, English mathematician (died 1637) Deaths * February 6 – Franciscus Patricius (born Franjo Petriš), Venetian philosopher and scientist of Croatian descent (born 1529) * June 20 – Willem Barentsz, Dutch explorer (born c. 1550 __NOTOC__ Year 1550 ( MDL) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change. History One of the earliest known mathematicians were Thales of Miletus (c. 624–c.546 BC); he has been hailed as the first true mathematician and the first known individual to whom a mathematical discovery has been attributed. He is credited with the first use of deductive reasoning applied to geometry, by deriving four corollaries to Thales' Theorem. The number of known mathematicians grew when Pythagoras of Samos (c. 582–c. 507 BC) established the Pythagorean School, whose doctrine it was that mathematics ruled the universe and whose motto was "All is number". It was the Pythagoreans who coined the term "mathematics", and with whom the study of mathematics for its own sake begins. The first woman mathematician recorded by history was Hypati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English People
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language in England, English language, a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language, and share a common history and culture. The English identity is of History of Anglo-Saxon England, Anglo-Saxon origin, when they were known in Old English as the ('race or tribe of the Angles'). Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD. The English largely descend from two main historical population groups the West Germanic tribes (the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians) who settled in southern Britain following the withdrawal of the Ancient Rome, Romans, and the Romano-British culture, partially Romanised Celtic Britons already living there.Martiniano, R., Caffell, A., Holst, M. et al. Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons. Nat Commun 7, 10326 (2016). https://doi.org/10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Gellibrand
Henry Gellibrand (1597–1637) was an English mathematician. He is known for his work on the Earth's magnetic field. He discovered that magnetic declination – the angle of dip of a compass needle – is not constant but changes over time. He announced this in 1635, relying on previous observations by others, which had not yet been correctly interpreted. He was the son of the physician Henry Gellibrand (1568–1615) and Mary Faversham. His four younger brothers were John, Edward, Thomas and Samuel. Samuel Gellibrand became a prominent seventeenth-century London bookseller.Henry Plomer (1907) A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667 He also devised a method for measuring longitude, based on eclipses. The mathematical tables of Henry Briggs, consisting of logarithms of trigonometric functions, were published by Gellibrand in 1633 as ''Trigonometria Britannica''. He was Professor at Gresham College, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1588 In Science
The year 1588 in science and technology, Armada year, included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Astronomy * Tycho Brahe publishes ''De mundi aetheri recentioribus phaenomenis'' in Uraniborg. * Giovanni Paolo Gallucci publishes his star atlas ''Theatrum Mundi et Temporis'' (Theater of the world and time). History of science * October 7 – The first biography of Nicolaus Copernicus (died 1543) is completed by Bernardino Baldi. Mathematics * Pietro Cataldi discovers the sixth and seventh Mersenne primes by this year. * Giovanni Antonio Magini Giovanni Antonio Magini (in Latin, Maginus) (13 June 1555 – 11 February 1617) was an Italian astronomer, astrologer, cartographer, and mathematician. His Life He was born in Padua, and completed studies in philosophy in Bologna in 1579. Hi ... is chosen over Galileo Galilei, Galileo to occupy the chair of mathematics at the University of Bologna after the death of Egnatio Danti. * Ferdinando I de Medici, Grand Du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philosopher
A philosopher is a person who practices or investigates philosophy. The term ''philosopher'' comes from the grc, φιλόσοφος, , translit=philosophos, meaning 'lover of wisdom'. The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras (6th century BCE).. In the Classics, classical sense, a philosopher was someone who lived according to a certain way of life, focusing upon resolving Meaning of life, existential questions about the human condition; it was not necessary that they discoursed upon Theory, theories or commented upon authors. Those who most arduously committed themselves to this lifestyle would have been considered ''philosophers''. In a modern sense, a philosopher is an intellectual who contributes to one or more branches of philosophy, such as aesthetics, ethics, epistemology, philosophy of science, logic, metaphysics, social theory, philosophy of religion, and political philosophy. A philosopher may also be someone who has worked in the hum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaac Beeckman
Isaac Beeckman (10 December 1588van Berkel, p10 – 19 May 1637) was a Dutch philosopher and scientist, who, through his studies and contact with leading natural philosophers, may have "virtually given birth to modern atomism".Harold J. Cook, in ''The Scientific Revolution in National Context'', Roy Porter, Mikuláš Teich, (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 1992, pages 127–129 Biography Beeckman was born in Middelburg, Zeeland, to a strongly Calvinistic family, which had fled from the Spanish-controlled Southern Netherlands a few years before. He had a strong early education in his home town and went on to study theology, literature and mathematics in Leiden. Upon his return to Middelburg he could not find a position as a minister, due to clashing ideas of his father and the local church, and decided to follow his father in the candle-making business, setting up his own company in Zierikzee. While trying to improve on the candle-making process, he also involved himself in othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1580 In Science
The year 1580 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here. Astronomy * The Constantinople Observatory of Taqi ad-Din is destroyed by Sultan Selim II. Exploration * September 26 – Francis Drake in the ''Golden Hind'' sails into Plymouth having completed the second circumnavigation of the world, westabout, begun in 1577. Medicine * Severe outbreak of smallpox in Venezuela: it strikes the Caracas and other Indians in the North and greatly weakens Indian resistance to the Spanish colonizing of the region. Geology * April 6 – Dover Straits earthquake of 1580, Dover Straits earthquake. Births * January 12 – Jan Baptist van Helmont, Flemish people, Flemish chemist (died 1644 in science, 1644) * December 1 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French people, French astronomer (died 1637 in science, 1637) * Peter Crüger, German people, German polymath (died 1639 in science, 1639) * Willebrord Snellius, Dutch people, Dutch mathematician and physi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, galaxies – in either observational astronomy, observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, Sun, solar astronomy, the Star formation, origin or stellar evolution, evolution of stars, or the galaxy formation and evolution, formation of galaxies. A related but distinct subject is physical cosmology, which studies the Universe as a whole. Types Astronomers usually fall under either of two main types: observational astronomy, observational and theoretical astronomy, theoretical. Observational astronomers make direct observations of Astronomical object, celestial objects and analyze the data. In contrast, theoretical astronomers create and investigate C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolas-Claude Fabri De Peiresc
Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc (1 December 1580 – 24 June 1637), often known simply as Peiresc, or by the Latin form of his name, Peirescius, was a French astronomer, antiquary and savant, who maintained a wide correspondence with scientists, and was a successful organizer of scientific inquiry. His research included a determination of the difference in longitude of various locations in Europe, around the Mediterranean, and in North Africa. Early life Peiresc's father was a higher magistrate and city surgeon in Provence from a wealthy noble family, who with his wife fled their home town of Aix-en-Provence to avoid the plague raging there, settling in Belgentier in Var. Peiresc was born in Belgentier and educated in Aix-en-Provence and Avignon, as well as at the Jesuit college at Tournon. At Toulon, he first became interested in astronomy. Studying law and becoming interested in archaeology, he travelled to Italy, Switzerland and France in 1599, and finally finished his leg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
