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1625 In Science
The year 1625 in science and technology involved some significant events. Chemistry * First description of hydrogen by Jan Baptist van Helmont, Johann Baptista van Helmont. First to use the word "gas". * Johann Rudolf Glauber discovers sodium sulfate (''sal mirabilis'' or "Glauber's salt", used as a laxative) in Austrian spring water. Births * June 8 – Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Giovanni Cassini, Italian people, Italian astronomer (died 1712 in science, 1712) * March 25 – John Collins (mathematician), John Collins, English people, English mathematician (died 1683 in science, 1683) * August 13 – Rasmus Bartholin, Danes, Danish scientist (died 1698 in science, 1698) * December 16 – Erhard Weigel, German people, German mathematician and scientific populariser (died 1699 in science, 1699) * December 20 – David Gregory (physician), David Gregory, Scottish people, Scottish physician and inventor (died 1720 in science, 1720) * Samuel Morland, English inventor (died 1695 in sci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1698 In Science
The year 1698 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Christiaan Huygens, in his posthumously published book ''Kosmotheoros'', argues that other planets in the Solar System could contain extraterrestrial life, starting a debate that extends into the 21st century. Exploration * November – HMS ''Paramour'' sets sail under the command of Edmond Halley on the first purely scientific voyage by an English naval vessel, to investigate magnetic declination. Technology * January 11 – April 21 – Tsar Peter the Great of Russia (incognito as 'Peter Mikhailov') visits England as part of his Grand Embassy, making a particular study of shipbuilding. * July 25 – English engineer Thomas Savery obtains a patent for "A new invention for raising of water... by the impellent force of fire", a steam pump. * November 14 – First Eddystone Lighthouse illuminated, the first rock lighthouse in Europe. * The piano is invented by Italian Bartolomeo Cristofori, origi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adriaan Van Den Spiegel
Adriaan van den Spiegel (or Spieghel), name sometimes written as Adrianus Spigelius (1578 – 7 April 1625), was a Flemish anatomist born in Brussels. For much of his career he practiced medicine in Padua, and is considered one of the great physicians associated with the city. At Padua he studied anatomy under Girolamo Fabrici. Work His best written work on anatomy is ''De humani corporis fabrica libri X tabulis aere icisis exornati'', published posthumously in 1627. He borrowed the title from ''De humani corporis fabrica'', written by his fellow countryman, Vesalius, who had also studied in Padua. The book was intended as an update in medical thinking (a century later) about anatomy. In his 1624 treatise ''De semitertiana libri quatuor'', he gave the first comprehensive description of malaria. His name is given to the Spigelian line (linea semilunaris) and the Spigelian fascia, which refers either to the combined aponeuroses of the external abdominal oblique muscle, the internal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1572 In Science
The year 1572 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here. Astronomy * November 9 – A supernova, now designated as SN 1572, is first observed in the constellation Cassiopeia (constellation), Cassiopeia by Cornelius Gemma. Tycho Brahe, who notes it two days later, will use it to challenge the prevailing view that stars do not change. Cartography * Georg Braun begins publication of his urban atlas ' in Cologne. Mathematics * Imaginary numbers defined by Rafael Bombelli. Medicine * Girolamo Mercuriale of Forlì (Italy) writes the work ' ("On the diseases of the skin"), the first scientific tract on dermatology. Technology * Mathew Baker (shipwright), Mathew Baker appointed Master Shipwright to Queen Elizabeth I of England. Births * November 25 - Daniel Sennert, Germany, German physician (died 1637 in science, 1637) * Johann Bayer, German people, German Star cartography, uranographer (died 1625 in science, 1625) * Charles Bouvard, French people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Star Cartography
Celestial cartography, uranography, astrography or star cartography is the aspect of astronomy and branch of cartography concerned with mapping stars, galaxies, and other astronomical objects on the celestial sphere. Measuring the position and light of charted objects requires a variety of instruments and techniques. These techniques have developed from angle measurements with quadrants and the unaided eye, through sextants combined with lenses for light magnification, up to current methods which include computer-automated space telescopes. Uranographers have historically produced planetary position tables, star tables, and star maps for use by both amateur and professional astronomers. More recently, computerized star maps have been compiled, and automated positioning of telescopes uses databases of stars and of other astronomical objects. Etymology The word "uranography" derived from the Greek "ουρανογραφια" (Koine Greek ''ουρανος'' "sky, heave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Bayer
Johann Bayer (1572 – 7 March 1625) was a German lawyer and uranographer (celestial cartographer). He was born in Rain, Lower Bavaria, in 1572. At twenty, in 1592 he began his study of philosophy and law at the University of Ingolstadt, after which he moved to Augsburg to begin work as a lawyer, becoming legal adviser to the city council in 1612. Bayer had several interests outside his work, including archaeology and mathematics. However, he is primarily known for his work in astronomy; particularly for his work on determining the positions of objects on the celestial sphere. He remained unmarried and died in 1625. Bayer's star atlas '' Uranometria Omnium Asterismorum'' (" Uranometry of all the asterisms") was first published in 1603 in Augsburg and dedicated to two prominent local citizens. This was the first atlas to cover the entire celestial sphere. It was based upon the work of Tycho Brahe and may have borrowed from Alessandro Piccolomini's 1540 star atlas, ''De le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1695 In Science
The year 1695 in science and technology involved some significant events. Events * Gottfried Leibniz publishes his "New System of the Nature and Communication of Substances". * Denis Papin moves from Marburg to Kassel and publishes ''Recueil de diverses pièces touchant quelques machines''. Births * February 2 – William Borlase, Cornish naturalist (died 1772) * February 6 – Nicolaus II Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (died 1726) * May 3 – Henri Pitot, Italian-born French engineer (died 1771) * August 4 – William Oliver, Cornish-born English physician (died 1764) * November 10 – John Bevis, English physician and astronomer (died 1771) Deaths * January 26 - Johann Jakob Wepfer, Swiss pathologist and pharmacologist (born 1620) * July 8 – Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician and physicist (born 1629) * December 30 – Samuel Morland, English inventor (born 1625 Events January–March * January 17 – Led by the Duke of Soubise, the Huguenots ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Morland
Sir Samuel Morland, 1st Baronet (1625 – 30 December 1695), or Moreland, was an English academic, diplomat, spy, inventor and mathematician of the 17th century, a polymath credited with early developments in relation to computing, hydraulics and steam power. Education The son of Thomas Morland, the rector of Sulhamstead Bannister in Berkshire, he was educated at Winchester College and Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he became a Fellow in 1649. Devoting much time to the study of mathematics, Morland also became an accomplished Latinist and was proficient in Greek, Hebrew and French – then the language of culture and diplomacy. While a tutor at Cambridge, he first encountered Samuel Pepys who became a lifelong acquaintance. Diplomat A keen follower of public affairs, he left Cambridge and entered public service. He undertook a trip to Sweden in 1653, and in 1655 was sent by Oliver Cromwell on a mission to Italy to protest at actions taken against the Waldensians by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1720 In Science
The year 1720 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * February 10 – Edmond Halley is appointed as Astronomer Royal of England. Medicine * May – First patient admitted to the Westminster Public Infirmary, predecessor of St George's Hospital, London. * Dr Steevens' Hospital is established at Kilmainham, Dublin. * Great Plague of Marseille, the last major outbreak of bubonic plague in Europe. Physics * Willem 's Gravesande publishes ''Physices elementa mathematica, experimentis confirmata, sive introductio ad philosophiam Newtonianam'', an introduction to Newtonian physics, in Leiden. Technology * A theodolite is developed by Jonathan Sisson of England. * Pinchbeck is invented by English watchmaker Christopher Pinchbeck; it is an alloy of 83% copper and 17% zinc, creating a strong, hard-wearing metal which has the appearance and weight of 20 carat gold. * An early chronograph is invented which has only mechanical parts in it. * Henry de Saum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physician
A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. Physicians may focus their practice on certain disease categories, types of patients, and methods of treatment—known as specialities—or they may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families, and communities—known as general practice. Medical practice properly requires both a detailed knowledge of the academic disciplines, such as anatomy and physiology, underlying diseases and their treatment—the ''science'' of medicine—and also a decent competence in its applied practice—the art or ''craft'' of medicine. Both the role of the physician and the meaning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scottish People
The Scots ( sco, Scots Fowk; gd, Albannaich) are an ethnic group and nation native to Scotland. Historically, they emerged in the early Middle Ages from an amalgamation of two Celtic-speaking peoples, the Picts and Gaels, who founded the Kingdom of Scotland (or ''Alba'') in the 9th century. In the following two centuries, the Celtic-speaking Cumbrians of Strathclyde and the Germanic-speaking Angles of north Northumbria became part of Scotland. In the High Middle Ages, during the 12th-century Davidian Revolution, small numbers of Norman nobles migrated to the Lowlands. In the 13th century, the Norse-Gaels of the Western Isles became part of Scotland, followed by the Norse of the Northern Isles in the 15th century. In modern usage, "Scottish people" or "Scots" refers to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, family ancestral or genetic origins are from Scotland. The Latin word ''Scoti'' originally referred to the Gaels, but came to describe all inhabitants of Scotland. Cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Gregory (physician)
David Gregory (20 December 1625 – 1720) was a Scottish physician and inventor. His surname is sometimes spelt as Gregorie, the original Scottish spelling. He inherited Kinnairdy Castle in 1664. Three of his twenty-nine children became mathematics professors. He is credited with inventing a military cannon that Isaac Newton described as "being destructive to the human species". Copies and details of the model no longer exist. Gregory's use of a barometer to predict farming-related weather conditions led him to be accused of witchcraft by Presbyterian ministers from Aberdeen, although he was never convicted. Ancestry and early life Gregory, born on 20 December 1625, was the second-eldest son of John Gregorie (1598–1652), minister at the small parish village of Drumoak in Aberdeenshire, where Gregory was born. The family surname is sometimes spelt Gregorie, as in the original Scottish. His mother was Janet Anderson, whose father David was said to be exceptionally talented in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
