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1608 In Science
The year 1608 in science and technology involved some significant events. Technology * October 2 – Hans Lippershey demonstrates the first known telescope to the government of the Dutch Republic. * The flintlock muzzleloader is invented; unlike most weapon systems which only lasted a few decades, the flintlock has a long-term impact. * The manufacture of alum is invented and successfully practised in England, under the patronage of King James, by Lord Sheffield. Zoology * Edward Topsell's bestiary ''The Historie of Serpents'' is published in London by William Jaggard. Births * January 28 – Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, Italian scientist (died 1679) * August 4 – John Tradescant the younger, English botanist (died 1662) * October 15 – Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician (died 1647 Events January–March * January 2 – Chinese bandit leader Zhang Xianzhong, who has ruled the Sichuan province since 1644, is killed at Xichong b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Jaggard
William Jaggard ( – November 1623) was an Elizabethan and Jacobean printer and publisher, best known for his connection with the texts of William Shakespeare, most notably the First Folio of Shakespeare's plays. Jaggard's shop was "at the sign of the Half-Eagle and Key in Barbican." Life and work He was the son of a John Jaggard, a citizen of London and a barber-surgeon by profession; the elder Jaggard was already deceased when his son began an eight-year apprenticeship with printer Henry Denham at Michaelmas (29 September) 1584. William Jaggard became a "freeman" (a full member) of the Stationers Company on 6 December 1591. In time, Jaggard developed one of the largest print shops of his generation; he was eventually assisted by his son Isaac (died 1627), who succeeded to his father's business in 1623. In their era, most members of the stationers guild were either printers or booksellers; both were businessmen with their own establishments, journeymen and apprentices, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1608 In Science
The year 1608 in science and technology involved some significant events. Technology * October 2 – Hans Lippershey demonstrates the first known telescope to the government of the Dutch Republic. * The flintlock muzzleloader is invented; unlike most weapon systems which only lasted a few decades, the flintlock has a long-term impact. * The manufacture of alum is invented and successfully practised in England, under the patronage of King James, by Lord Sheffield. Zoology * Edward Topsell's bestiary ''The Historie of Serpents'' is published in London by William Jaggard. Births * January 28 – Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, Italian scientist (died 1679) * August 4 – John Tradescant the younger, English botanist (died 1662) * October 15 – Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician (died 1647 Events January–March * January 2 – Chinese bandit leader Zhang Xianzhong, who has ruled the Sichuan province since 1644, is killed at Xichong b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oswald Croll
Oswald Croll or Crollius (c. 1563 – December 1609) was an alchemist, and professor of medicine at the University of Marburg in Hesse, Germany. A strong proponent of alchemy and using chemistry in medicine, he was heavily involved in writing books and influencing thinkers of his day towards viewing chemistry and alchemy as two separate fields. Croll received his doctorate in medicine in 1582 at Marburg, then continued studies at Heidelberg, Strasburg, and Geneva. After working as a tutor, he arrived in Prague in 1597. He remained there for two years, and again from 1602 until his death. There, through Rudolf II, he came into contact with other alchemical writers such as Edward Kelley. In 1608, Croll's opus magnum ''Basilica Chymica'' (Chemical Basilica) was first published, self-described as "containing a philosophick description, confirmed by the experience of roll'sown labours, and application of the choicest chymical remedies drawn from the light of Nature and of Grace". It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1647 In Science
The year 1647 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Johannes Hevelius publishes the first comparatively detailed map of the Moon in his ''Selenographia'' ( Danzig). Births * January 17 – Elisabeth Hevelius, Danzig astronomer (died 1693) * March 20 – Jean de Hautefeuille, French inventor (died 1724) * April 2 – Maria Sybilla Merian, German lepidopterist (died 1717) * August 22 – Denis Papin, French physicist (died c. 1712) * December 7 – Giovanni Ceva, Italian mathematician (died 1734) Deaths * March 29 – Charles Butler, English beekeeper (born 1560) * October 8 – Christen Sørensen Longomontanus, Danish astronomer (born 1562) * October 25 – Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician (born 1608 Events January–June * January – In the Colony of Virginia, Powhatan releases Captain John Smith. * January 2 – The first of the Jamestown supply missions returns to the Colony of Virginia wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evangelista Torricelli
Evangelista Torricelli ( , also , ; 15 October 160825 October 1647) was an Italian physicist and mathematician, and a student of Galileo. He is best known for his invention of the barometer, but is also known for his advances in optics and work on the method of indivisibles. The Torr is also named after him. Biography Early life Torricelli was born on 15 October 1608 in Rome, the firstborn child of Gaspare Torricelli and Caterina Angetti. His family was from Faenza in the Province of Ravenna, then part of the Papal States. His father was a textile worker and the family was very poor. Seeing his talents, his parents sent him to be educated in Faenza, under the care of his uncle, Giacomo (James), a Camaldolese monk, who first ensured that his nephew was given a sound basic education. He then entered young Torricelli into a Jesuit College in 1624, possibly the one in Faenza itself, to study mathematics and philosophy until 1626, by which time his father, Gaspare, had died. The uncl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1662 In Science
The year 1662 in science and technology involved some significant events. Botany * February 16 – John Evelyn presents the basic text of his '' Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees and the Propagation of Timber'' to the College for the Promoting of Physico-Mathematical Experimental Learning, probably the earliest treatise on forestry (it is published in book form in 1664). Chemistry * First attempt to manufacture graphite drawing sticks from powdered graphite (mixed with sulphur and antimony), in Nuremberg, Germany. Physics * Robert Boyle publishes Boyle's law, in the second edition of his ''New Experiments Physico-Mechanicall, Touching The Spring of the Air, and its Effects'' (Oxford). Statistics * John Graunt, in one of the earliest uses of statistics, publishes information about births and deaths in London. Events * July 15 – The Royal Society of London receives its royal charter. Robert Hooke becomes its Curator of Experiments this year. Births * December 13 – Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Tradescant The Younger
John Tradescant the Younger (; 4 August 1608 – 22 April 1662), son of John Tradescant the Elder, was a botanist and gardener. The standard author abbreviation Trad. is applied to species he described. Biography Son of John Tradescant the Elder, he was born in Meopham, Kent, and educated at The King's School, Canterbury. Like his father, who collected specimens and rarities on his many trips abroad, he undertook collecting expeditions to Virginia between 1628 and 1637 (and possibly two more trips by 1662, though Potter and other authors doubt this). Among the seeds he brought back, to introduce to English gardens were great American trees, including magnolias, bald cypress and tulip tree, and garden plants such as phlox and asters. John Tradescant the Younger added his American acquisitions to the family's cabinet of curiosities, known as The Ark. These included the ceremonial cloak of Chief Powhatan, an important Native American relic. South Lambeth Road in Vauxhall wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1679 In Science
The year 1679 in science and technology involved some significant events. Botany * Establishment of Hortus Botanicus (Amsterdam). Mathematics * Samuel Morland publishes ''The Doctrine of Interest, both Simple & Compound'', probably the first tables produced with the aid of a calculating machine. Medicine * Great Plague of Vienna. * Franciscus Sylvius' ''Opera Medica'', published posthumously, recognizes scrofula and phthisis as forms of tuberculosis. Technology * Pierre-Paul Riquet excavates Malpas Tunnel on the Canal du Midi in Hérault, France, Europe's first navigable canal tunnel (165 m, concrete lined). Publications * Publication in Paris of the first of Edme Mariotte's ''Essays de physique'': ''De la végétation des plantes'', a pioneering discussion of plant physiology; and ''De la nature de l'air'', a statement of Boyle's law. * Publication by the Paris Observatory of the world's first national ephemeris almanac, the '' Connaissance des tems'', compiled by Jean Picard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Alfonso Borelli
Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (; 28 January 1608 – 31 December 1679) was a Renaissance Italian physiologist, physicist, and mathematician. He contributed to the modern principle of scientific investigation by continuing Galileo's practice of testing hypotheses against observation. Trained in mathematics, Borelli also made extensive studies of Jupiter's moons, the mechanics of animal locomotion and, in microscopy, of the constituents of blood. He also used microscopy to investigate the stomatal movement of plants, and undertook studies in medicine and geology. During his career, he enjoyed the patronage of Queen Christina of Sweden. Biography Giovanni Borelli was born on 28 January 1608 in the district of Castel Nuovo, in Naples. He was the son of Spanish infantryman Miguel Alonso and a local woman named Laura Porello (alternately ''Porelli'' or ''Borelli''.) Borelli eventually traveled to Rome where he studied under Benedetto Castelli, matriculating in mathematics at Sapienza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bestiary
A bestiary (from ''bestiarum vocabulum'') is a compendium of beasts. Originating in the ancient world, bestiaries were made popular in the Middle Ages in illustrated volumes that described various animals and even rocks. The natural history and illustration of each beast was usually accompanied by a moral lesson. This reflected the belief that the world itself was the Word of God and that every living thing had its own special meaning. For example, the pelican, which was believed to tear open its breast to bring its young to life with its own blood, was a living representation of Jesus. Thus the bestiary is also a reference to the symbolic language of animals in Western Christian art and literature. History The bestiary — the medieval book of beasts — was among the most popular illuminated texts in northern Europe during the Middle Ages (about 500–1500). Medieval Christians understood every element of the world as a manifestation of God, and bestiaries largely focused ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
