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1563 In Science
The year 1563 in science and technology included a number of events, some of which are listed here. Medicine and physiology * June–October – Outbreak of bubonic plague in London kills over 20,000. * Bartolomeo Eustachi publishes ''De Renibus'' (including his discovery of the adrenal glands) and ''Libellus De Dentibus'' (in Venice), a pioneering text on dentition. * Garcia de Orta publishes ''Colóquios dos simples e drogas da India'' in Goa, the first text in a Western language on tropical medicine and drugs, including a classic description of cholera. * Felix Würtz publishes his critical treatise on surgery, ''Praktika der Wundartzney'', in Basel. Publications * ''prob. date'' – Bernardino Telesio – ''De Rerum Natura Iuxta Propria Principia''. Births * October 14 – Jodocus Hondius, Flemish cartographer (died 1612) * Louise Bourgeois Boursier, French Royal midwife (died 1638) * Yi Su-gwang, Korean scholar-bureaucrat (died 1628) * Walter Warner, English scientist (die ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartographer
Cartography (; from grc, χάρτης , "papyrus, sheet of paper, map"; and , "write") is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an imagined reality) can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively. The fundamental objectives of traditional cartography are to: * Set the map's agenda and select traits of the object to be mapped. This is the concern of map editing. Traits may be physical, such as roads or land masses, or may be abstract, such as Toponomy, toponyms or political boundaries. * Represent the terrain of the mapped object on flat media. This is the concern of map projections. * Eliminate characteristics of the mapped object that are not relevant to the map's purpose. This is the concern of Cartographic generalization, generalization. * Reduce the complexity of the characteristics that will be mapped. This is also the concern of generaliza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oswald Croll
Oswald Croll or Crollius (c. 1563 – December 1609) was an alchemist, and professor of medicine at the University of Marburg in Hesse, Germany. A strong proponent of alchemy and using chemistry in medicine, he was heavily involved in writing books and influencing thinkers of his day towards viewing chemistry and alchemy as two separate fields. Croll received his doctorate in medicine in 1582 at Marburg, then continued studies at Heidelberg, Strasburg, and Geneva. After working as a tutor, he arrived in Prague in 1597. He remained there for two years, and again from 1602 until his death. There, through Rudolf II, he came into contact with other alchemical writers such as Edward Kelley. In 1608, Croll's opus magnum ''Basilica Chymica'' (Chemical Basilica) was first published, self-described as "containing a philosophick description, confirmed by the experience of roll'sown labours, and application of the choicest chymical remedies drawn from the light of Nature and of Grace". It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1643 In Science
The year 1643 in science and technology involved some significant events. Exploration * January 21 – Abel Tasman discovers the Tonga archipelago. * December 25 – Captain William Mynors of the British East India Company discovers Christmas Island. Meteorology * Evangelista Torricelli invents the mercury barometer. Births * January 4 ( NS) – Isaac Newton, English physicist (died 1727) * Jean de Fontaney, French Jesuit mathematician and astronomer (died 1710) * Pierre Dionis, French surgeon and anatomist (died 1718) Deaths * April 9 – Benedetto Castelli, Italian mathematician (born 1578) * November 3 ** John Bainbridge, English astronomer (born 1582) ** Paul Guldin, Swiss mathematician and astronomer (born 1577) * Sophia Brahe, Danish astronomer (born 1556) * Gasparo Berti, Italian mathematician, astronomer and physicist (born c. 1600) * Walter Warner, English scientist (born 1563 Year 1563 ( MDLXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English People
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language in England, English language, a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language, and share a common history and culture. The English identity is of History of Anglo-Saxon England, Anglo-Saxon origin, when they were known in Old English as the ('race or tribe of the Angles'). Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD. The English largely descend from two main historical population groups the West Germanic tribes (the Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians) who settled in southern Britain following the withdrawal of the Ancient Rome, Romans, and the Romano-British culture, partially Romanised Celtic Britons already living there.Martiniano, R., Caffell, A., Holst, M. et al. Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Saxons. Nat Commun 7, 10326 (2016). https://doi.org/10 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter Warner
Walter Warner (1563–1643) was an English mathematician and scientist. Life He was born in Leicestershire and educated at Merton College, Oxford, graduating B.A. in 1578. Andrew Pyle (editor), ''Dictionary of Seventeenth Century British Philosophers'' (2000), article Warner, pp. 858–86 See also Jan Prins: Walter Warner (ca. 1557-1643) and his notes on Animal Organisms. Dissertation, Utrecht University, 1992/ref> At the end of the sixteenth century he belonged to the circle round Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland, the 'Wizard Earl'. The Earl's ‘three magi’ were Warner, Thomas Harriot and Robert Hues. Percy paid Warner a retainer to help him with alchemical experiments (£20 per annum in 1595, rising to £40 in 1607). He also belonged to the overlapping group around Sir Walter Ralegh. At this time he was mainly known for chemical and medical interests. It has been argued by Jean Jacquot that this group of experimental researchers, sponsored by Percy and Rale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1628 In Science
The year 1628 in science and technology involved some significant events. Medicine and physiology * William Harvey publishes his findings about blood circulation in ''Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus'' (published in Frankfurt). Births * March 10 – Marcello Malpighi, Italian physiologist (died 1694) * April 23 – Johann van Waveren Hudde, Dutch mathematician (died 1704) * Constantijn Huygens, Dutch statesman and telescope maker (died 1697) Deaths * June 8 – Rudolph Goclenius, German philosopher and polymath (born 1547) * Yi Su-gwang, Korean scholar-bureaucrat (born 1563 Year 1563 ( MDLXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * February 1 – Sarsa Dengel succeeds his father Menas as Emperor of Ethiopia. * Janu ...) References {{Reflist 17th century in science 1620s in science ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scholar-bureaucrat
The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats (), were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct social class. Scholar-officials were politicians and government officials appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day political duties from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty. After the Sui dynasty these officials mostly came from the scholar-gentry (紳士 ''shēnshì'') who had earned academic degrees (such as ''xiucai'', ''juren'', or ''jinshi'') by passing the imperial examinations. Scholar-officials were the elite class of imperial China. They were highly educated, especially in literature and the arts, including calligraphy and Confucian texts. They dominated the government administration and local life of China until the early 20th century. Origins and formations Origins of ''Shi'' (士) and ''Da fu'' (大夫) as a concept and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korea
Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic of Korea) comprising its southern half. Korea consists of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and several minor islands near the peninsula. The peninsula is bordered by China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast. It is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the Sea of Japan (East Sea). During the first half of the 1st millennium, Korea was divided between three states, Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla, together known as the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In the second half of the 1st millennium, Silla defeated and conquered Baekje and Goguryeo, leading to the "Unified Silla" period. Meanwhile, Balhae formed in the north, superseding former Goguryeo. Unified Silla eventually collapsed into three separate states due to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yi Su-gwang
Yi Su-gwang or Sugwang (1563–1628), also known as Lee Soo-kwang, was a Korean sarim, a military official, and a diplomat of the Joseon Dynasty. He was also an academic and an encyclopedist who compiled the ''Jibong Yuseol,'' the earliest Korean encyclopedia. Early life Yi Su-gwang was born to a wealthy, aristocratic family in 1563, and was offered the finest education his parents could afford. In 1585, he passed the civil service exam and became a military officer. Military career In the wake of Seven-Year War, he was stationed in Jogyeong, Gyeongsang province, where he was given command of a small army contingent. He encountered a Japanese expeditionary contingent in Yongin, Gyeonggi province and lost. His superiors restationed him in Uiju, Hamgyong province, where he encountered more Japanese forces. His actions during this period were sufficiently successful for him to be promoted. In 1614, he would write about his military experience, noting that the Joseon forces had "t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1636 In Science
The year 1636 in science and technology involved some significant events. Mathematics * Pierre de Fermat begins to circulate his work in analytic geometry in manuscript. * Muhammad Baqir Yazdi and René Descartes independently discover the pair of amicable numbers 9,363,584 and 9,437,056. Physics * Marin Mersenne publishes his '' Traité de l'harmonie universelle'', containing Mersenne's laws describing the frequency of oscillation of a stretched string. Publications * Daniel Schwenter publishes ''Delicia Physic-Mathematicae'', including a description of a quill pen with an ink reservoir. Births * Father Jacques Marquette, French explorer (died 1675) * December 26 – Justine Siegemund, German midwife (died 1705) Deaths * February 22 – Sanctorius, Italian physiologist (born 1561) * Louise Bourgeois Boursier, French Royal midwife (born 1563) * Michal Sedziwój, Polish alchemist (born 1566 __NOTOC__ Year 1566 ( MDLXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Midwifery
Midwifery is the health science and health profession that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period (including care of the newborn), in addition to the sexual and reproductive health of women throughout their lives. In many countries, midwifery is a medical profession (special for its independent and direct specialized education; should not be confused with the medical specialty, which depends on a previous general training). A professional in midwifery is known as a midwife. A 2013 Cochrane review concluded that "most women should be offered midwifery-led continuity models of care and women should be encouraged to ask for this option although caution should be exercised in applying this advice to women with substantial medical or obstetric complications." The review found that midwifery-led care was associated with a reduction in the use of epidurals, with fewer episiotomies or instrumental births, and a decreased risk of losing the baby before 24 weeks' gesta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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