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1-bit Color
A binary image is a digital image that consists of pixels that can have one of exactly two colors, usually black and white. Each pixel is stored as a single bit — i.e. either a 0 or 1. A binary image can be stored in memory as a bitmap: a packed array of bits. A binary image of 640×480 pixels has a file size of only 37.5 KiB, and most also compress well with simple run-length compression. A binary image format is often used in contexts where it is important to have a small file size for transmission or storage, or due to color limitations on displays or printers. It also has technical and artistic applications, for example in digital image processing and pixel art. Binary images can be interpreted as subsets of the two-dimensional integer lattice ''Z''2; the field of morphological image processing was largely inspired by this view. Terminology Binary images are also called ''bi-level'' or ''two-level''. Pixel art made up of two colours is often referred to as ''1-bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neighborhood Watch Bw
A neighbourhood (Commonwealth English) or neighborhood (American English) is a geographically localized community within a larger town, city, suburb or rural area, sometimes consisting of a single street and the buildings lining it. Neighbourhoods are often social communities with considerable face-to-face interaction among members. Researchers have not agreed on an exact definition, but the following may serve as a starting point: "Neighbourhood is generally defined spatially as a specific geographic area and functionally as a set of social networks. Neighbourhoods, then, are the spatial units in which face-to-face social interactions occur—the personal settings and situations where residents seek to realise common values, socialise youth, and maintain effective social control." Preindustrial cities In the words of the urban scholar Lewis Mumford, "Neighborhoods, in some annoying, inchoate fashion exist wherever human beings congregate, in permanent family dwellings; and ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distance Transform
A distance transform, also known as distance map or distance field, is a derived representation of a digital image. The choice of the term depends on the point of view on the object in question: whether the initial image is transformed into another representation, or it is simply endowed with an additional map or field. Distance fields can also be signed, in the case where it is important to distinguish whether the point is inside or outside of the shape. The map labels each pixel of the image with the distance to the nearest ''obstacle pixel''. A most common type of obstacle pixel is a ''boundary pixel'' in a binary image. See the image for an example of a Chebyshev distance transform on a binary image. Usually the transform/map is qualified with the chosen metric. For example, one may speak of Manhattan distance transform, if the underlying metric is Manhattan distance. Common metrics are: * Euclidean distance * Taxicab geometry, also known as ''City block distance'' or ''Man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vanilla (computing)
Vanilla software refers to applications and systems used in their unmodified, original state, as distributed by their vendors. This term is often applied in fields such as enterprise resource planning (ERP), e-government systems,Clohessy, Trevor; Acton, Thomas, (2013) "Enterprise Resource Planning for e-Government in the Cloud." Presented at the 2nd International Conference of Informatics and Management Sciences, University of Limerick, pp. 467 – 469. and software development, where simplicity and adherence to vendor standards are more important than expanded functionality. By opting for vanilla software, organizations benefit from lower costs and straightforward maintenance, though the trade-off may include reduced flexibility and customization options. The term "vanilla" has become ubiquitous in computing and technology to describe configurations or implementations that lack customization. In these contexts, it emphasizes simplicity, standardization, and ease of maintenance. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digital Camera
A digital camera, also called a digicam, is a camera that captures photographs in Digital data storage, digital memory. Most cameras produced today are digital, largely replacing those that capture images on photographic film or film stock. Digital cameras are now widely incorporated into mobile devices like smartphones with the same or more capabilities and features of dedicated cameras. High-end, high-definition dedicated cameras are still commonly used by professionals and those who desire to take higher-quality photographs. Digital and digital movie cameras share an optical system, typically using a Camera lens, lens with a variable Diaphragm (optics), diaphragm to focus light onto an image pickup device. The diaphragm and Shutter (photography), shutter admit a controlled amount of light to the image, just as with film, but the image pickup device is electronic rather than chemical. However, unlike film cameras, digital cameras can display images on a screen immediately afte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Image Scanner
An image scanner (often abbreviated to just scanner) is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting, or an object and converts it to a digital image. The most common type of scanner used in the home and the office is the flatbed scanner, where the document is placed on a glass bed. A sheetfed scanner, which moves the page across an image sensor using a series of rollers, may be used to scan one page of a document at a time or multiple pages, as in an automatic document feeder. A handheld scanner is a portable version of an image scanner that can be used on any flat surface. Scans are typically downloaded to the computer that the scanner is connected to, although some scanners are able to store scans on standalone Flash memory, flash media (e.g., memory cards and USB flash drive, USB drives). Modern scanners typically use a charge-coupled device (CCD) or a contact image sensor (CIS) as the image sensor, whereas drum scanners, developed earlier and still used for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TWAIN
TWAIN and TWAIN Direct are application programming interfaces (APIs) and communication protocols that regulate communication between software and digital imaging devices, such as image scanners and digital cameras. TWAIN is supported on Microsoft Windows, Linux and Mac OS X. The three key elements of TWAIN are: * Application software. For example, graphics software, a fax application or a word processor. * Source manager software. The source manager software is a software library provided by the TWAIN Working Group. * Device drivers (referred to as "Source software" in the specification document) Both the application and the device driver must support TWAIN for the interface to be successfully used. The first release was in 1992, and it was last updated in 2021. It was designed with the help of a number of companies from the computer industry, to try to establish a unified standard connection interface between computers and imaging devices. History The design of TWAIN b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Optical Character Recognition
Optical character recognition or optical character reader (OCR) is the electronics, electronic or machine, mechanical conversion of images of typed, handwritten or printed text into machine-encoded text, whether from a scanned document, a photo of a document, a scene photo (for example the text on signs and billboards in a landscape photo) or from subtitle text superimposed on an image (for example: from a television broadcast). Widely used as a form of data entry from printed paper data recordswhether passport documents, invoices, bank statements, computerized receipts, business cards, mail, printed data, or any suitable documentationit is a common method of digitizing printed texts so that they can be electronically edited, searched, stored more compactly, displayed online, and used in machine processes such as cognitive computing, machine translation, (extracted) text-to-speech, key data and text mining. OCR is a field of research in pattern recognition, artificial intelligen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Topological Skeleton
In shape analysis, skeleton (or topological skeleton) of a shape is a thin version of that shape that is equidistant to its boundaries. The skeleton usually emphasizes geometrical and topological properties of the shape, such as its connectivity, topology, length, direction, and width. Together with the distance of its points to the shape boundary, the skeleton can also serve as a representation of the shape (they contain all the information necessary to reconstruct the shape). Skeletons have several different mathematical definitions in the technical literature, and there are many different algorithms for computing them. Various different variants of skeleton can also be found, including straight skeletons, morphological skeletons, etc. In the technical literature, the concepts of skeleton and medial axis are used interchangeably by some authors,, Section 11.1.5, p. 650 while some other authors, Section 9.9, p. 382., Section 17.5.2, p. 234. regard them as relat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thinning (morphology)
Thinning is the transformation of a digital image into a simplified, but topologically equivalent image. It is a type of topological skeleton, but computed using mathematical morphology operators. Example Let E=Z^2, and consider the eight composite structuring elements, composed by: :C_1=\ and D_1=\, :C_2=\ and D_2=\ and the three rotations of each by 90^o, 180^o, and 270^o. The corresponding composite structuring elements are denoted B_1,\ldots,B_8. For any ''i'' between 1 and 8, and any binary image ''X'', define ::X\otimes B_i=X\setminus (X\odot B_i), where \setminus denotes the set-theoretical difference and \odot denotes the hit-or-miss transform. The thinning of an image ''A'' is obtained by cyclically iterating until convergence: :A\otimes B_1\otimes B_2\otimes\ldots\otimes B_8\otimes B_1\otimes B_2\otimes\ldots. Thickening Thickening is the dual of thinning that is used to grow selected regions of foreground pixels. In most cases in image processing thickening i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edge Detection
Edge or EDGE may refer to: Technology Computing * Edge computing, a network load-balancing system * Edge device, an entry point to a computer network * Adobe Edge, a graphical development application * Microsoft Edge, a web browser developed by Microsoft * Microsoft Edge Legacy, a discontinued web browser developed by Microsoft * EdgeHTML, the layout engine used in Microsoft Edge Legacy * ThinkPad Edge, a Lenovo laptop computer series marketed from 2010 * Silhouette edge, in computer graphics, a feature of a 3D body projected onto a 2D plane * Explicit data graph execution, a computer instruction set architecture Telecommunication(s) * EDGE (telecommunication), a 2G digital cellular communications technology * Edge Wireless, an American mobile phone provider * Motorola Edge series, a series of smartphones made by Motorola * Samsung Galaxy Note Edge, a phablet made by Samsung * Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge or Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge, smartphones made by Samsung * Ubuntu Edg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Watershed Algorithm
In the study of image processing, a watershed is a transformation defined on a grayscale image. The name refers metaphorically to a geological ''watershed'', or drainage divide, which separates adjacent drainage basins. The watershed transformation treats the image it operates upon like a topographic map, with the brightness of each point representing its height, and finds the lines that run along the tops of ridges. There are different technical definitions of a watershed. In graphs, watershed lines may be defined on the nodes, on the edges, or hybrid lines on both nodes and edges. Watersheds may also be defined in the continuous domain. There are also many different algorithms to compute watersheds. Watershed algorithms are used in image processing primarily for object segmentation purposes, that is, for separating different objects in an image. This allows for counting the objects or for further analysis of the separated objects. Image:Relief of gradient of heart MRI.png, R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otsu's Method
In computer vision and image processing, Otsu's method, named after , is used to perform automatic image thresholding (image processing), thresholding. In the simplest form, the algorithm returns a single intensity threshold that separate pixels into two classes foreground and background. This threshold is determined by minimizing intra-class intensity variance, or equivalently, by maximizing inter-class variance. Otsu's method is a one-dimensional discrete analogue of Linear discriminant analysis#Fisher's linear discriminant, Fisher's discriminant analysis, is related to Jenks optimization method, and is equivalent to a globally optimal K-means clustering, ''k''-means performed on the intensity histogram. The extension to multi-level thresholding was described in the original paper, and computationally efficient implementations have since been proposed. Otsu's method The algorithm exhaustively searches for the threshold that minimizes the intra-class variance, defined as a weigh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
