|
Comanche Language
Comanche (, endonym ) is a Uto-Aztecan languages, Uto-Aztecan language spoken by the Comanche, who split from the Shoshone soon after the Comanche had acquired horses around 1705. The Comanche language and the Shoshoni language are quite similar, but certain consonant changes in Comanche have inhibited mutual intelligibility. The name ''Comanche'' comes from the Ute language, Ute word "enemy, stranger". Their own name for the language is , which means "language of the people". Use and revitalization efforts Although efforts are now being made to ensure its survival, most speakers of the language are elderly. In the late 19th century, Comanche children were placed in American Indian boarding schools, indigenous boarding schools where they were discouraged from speaking their native language, and even severely punished for doing so. The second generation then grew up speaking English, because of the belief that it was better for them not to know Comanche. The Comanche language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Close Central Rounded Vowel
} The close central rounded vowel, or high central rounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is }. The sound is also commonly referred to by the name of its symbol, "barred u". The close central rounded vowel is the vocalic equivalent of the rare labialized post-palatal approximant . In most languages this rounded vowel is pronounced with protruded lips (''endolabial''). However, in a few cases the lips are compressed (''exolabial''). Some languages feature the near-close central rounded vowel (), which is slightly lower. It is most often transcribed in IPA with , and , but is also a possible transcription. The symbol , a conflation of and , is used as an unofficial extension of the IPA to represent this sound by a number of publications, such as ''Accents of English'' by John C. Wells. In the third edition of the ''Oxford Engl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsou Language
Tsou () is an Formosan languages, Austronesian language spoken by the Tsou people of Taiwan. Tsou is a threatened language; however, this status is uncertain. Its speakers are located in the west-central mountains southeast of the Chiayi/Alishan Range, Alishan area in Taiwan. Name The name ''Tsou'' literally means "person", from Proto-Austronesian language, Proto-Austronesian ''*Cau'' through regular sound changes. It is therefore cognate with the name of the Thao language, Thao. Classification Tsou has traditionally been considered part of a Tsouic languages, Tsouic branch of Austronesian. However, several recent classifications, such as Chang (2006)Chang, Henry Yungli. 2006. "Rethinking the Tsouic Subgroup Hypothesis: A Morphosyntactic Perspective." In Chang, H., Huang, L. M., Ho, D. (eds.). ''Streams converging into an ocean: Festschrift in honor of Professor Paul Jen-Kuei Li on his 70th birthday.'' Taipei: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica. and Ross (2009)Ross, Malc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngiemboon Language
The Ngiemboon language, (autonym: ), is one of a dozen Bamileke languages spoken in Cameroon. Its speakers are located primarily within the department of Bamboutos in the West Region of Cameroon. Dialects are Batcham (Basham), Balatchi (Balaki) and Bamoungong (Bamongoun). Alphabet The alphabet is based on the General Alphabet of Cameroon Languages Phonology Consonants Anderson (2008) states the language allows roots of C(S)V(C)(V), with the above consonants being the underlying consonants allowed. do not occur naturally in the role of C, but are allowed as semivowels (S) where they are distinct from . As well, there is a possible syllabic nasal prefix, which assimilates to following consonants, and can carry a high or low tone. It is spelled as before labial consonants and otherwise. Phonemes are pronounced when word initial, intervocalically, and before the suffix and word finally. When word final, those are unreleased, as well as . are pronounced before ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. The IPA is used by linguists, lexicography, lexicographers, foreign language students and teachers, speech–language pathology, speech–language pathologists, singers, actors, constructed language creators, and translators. The IPA is designed to represent those qualities of speech that are part of lexical item, lexical (and, to a limited extent, prosodic) sounds in oral language: phone (phonetics), phones, Intonation (linguistics), intonation and the separation of syllables. To represent additional qualities of speechsuch as tooth wikt:gnash, gnashing, lisping, and sounds made with a cleft lip and cleft palate, cleft palatean extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet, extended set of symbols may be used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanakanavu Language
Kanakanavu (also spelled Kanakanabu) is a Southern Tsouic language spoken by the Kanakanavu people, an indigenous people of Taiwan (see Taiwanese aborigines). It is a Formosan language of the Austronesian family. The Kanakanavu live in the two villages of Manga and Takanua in Namasia District (formerly Sanmin Township), Kaohsiung. The language is moribund, with only 4 speakers (2012 census). History The native Kanakanavu speakers were Taiwanese aboriginals living on the islands. Following the Dutch Colonial Period in the 17th century, Han-Chinese immigration began to dominate the islands population. The village of Takanua is a village assembled by Japanese rulers to relocate various aboriginal groups in order to establish easier dominion over these groups. Phonology There are 14 different consonant phonemes, containing only voiceless plosives within Kanakanavu. Adequate descriptions of liquid consonants become a challenge within Kanakanavu. It also contains 6 vowe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catio Language
Catío Emberá (Catío, Katío) is an indigenous American language spoken by the Embera people of Colombia and Panama Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and .... The language was spoken by 15,000 people in Colombia, and a few dozen in Panama, according to data published in 1992. 90 to 95% of the speakers are monolingual with a 1% literacy rate. The language is also known as ''Eyabida'', and like most Embera languages goes by the name ''Embena'' 'human'. Writing system Catio is written with the Latin script. Phonology Consonants Vowels Notes Bibliography * {{Languages of Colombia Choco languages Languages of Colombia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yemba Language
Yɛmba or Yemba, also Yémba or Bamiléké Dschang, is a major Bamileke language in West Region of Cameroon Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa. It shares boundaries with Nigeria to the west and north, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the R .... It was approximately spoken by 500,000 or so people in the country in 2023. Despite originally being exclusively a spoken language, Yemba writing was developed by Maurice Tadadjeu (co-creator of the General Alphabet of Cameroon Languages) and Steven Bird. Their team developed a small Yemba–French Dictionary covering French translations of over 3,000 Yemba words and expressions. The Mmuock dialect also has a proposed orthography. Phonology Consonants * Sounds /t͡ʃ ʃ ʒ/ are included as phonemes in some analyses. In most analyses, they are considered as allophones of /t͡s s z/. * Sounds l ɣare consonant a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
I With Bar
I with bar (majuscule: Ɨ, minuscule: ɨ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from I or i with the addition of a bar. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, ɨ is used to represent a close central unrounded vowel. In American linguistic tradition, it is used to represent the weak vowel heard in the second syllable of ''roses'' when distinct from ''Rosa's''.Flemming, E., Johnson, S. (2007), "''Rosa’s roses'': reduced vowels in American English", ''Journal of the International Phonetic Association'' 37/1, pp. 83–96. For related uses of the small capital barred i, see near-close central unrounded vowel. The ISO 6438 (African coded character set for bibliographic information interchange) gives lowercase of Ɨ as ɪ, a small capital I, not ɨ. Unicode * * * * * Variations ɨ̆, small barred i written with a breve, represents a very short close central unrounded vowel. The breve indicates a ''very short'', or ''overshort'' vowel. In the Golin language, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bar (diacritic)
A bar or stroke is a modification consisting of a line drawn through a grapheme. It may be used as a diacritic to derive new letters from old ones, or simply as an addition to make a grapheme more distinct from others. It can take the form of a vertical bar, slash, or crossbar. A stroke is sometimes drawn through the numerals 7 (horizontal overbar) and 0 (overstruck foreslash), to make them more distinguishable from the number 1 and the letter O, respectively. (In some typefaces, one or other or both of these characters are designed in these styles; they are not produced by overstrike or by combining diacritic. The normal way in most of Europe to write the number seven is with a bar. ) In medieval English scribal abbreviations, a stroke or bar was used to indicate abbreviation. For example, , the pound sign, is a stylised form of the letter (the letter with a cross bar). For the specific usages of various letters with bars and strokes, see their individual articles. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
D With Stroke
Đ (lowercase: đ, Latin alphabet), known as crossed D or dyet, is a letter formed from the base character D, D/d overlaid with a bar (diacritic), crossbar. Crossing was used to create eth (ð), but eth has an uncial as its base whereas ''đ'' is based on the straight-backed roman ''d,'' like in the sámi language , Sámi languages and vietnamese language , Vietnamese. Crossed ''d'' is a letter in the alphabets of several languages and is used in linguistics as a voiced dental fricative. Appearance In the lowercase, the crossbar is usually drawn through the Ascender (typography), ascender, but when used as a phonetic symbol it may be preferred to draw it through the bowl (typography), bowl, in which case it is known as a barred ''d''. In some African languages' orthographies, such as that of Moro language, Moro, the barred ''d'' is preferred. In the uppercase, the crossbar normally crosses just the left stem, but in Vietnamese and Moro it may sometimes cross the entire le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koyukon Language
Koyukon (also called ''Denaakk'e'') is the geographically most widespread Athabascan language spoken in Alaska. The Athabaskan language is spoken along the Koyukuk and the middle Yukon Rivers in western interior Alaska. In 2007, the language had approximately 300 speakers, who were generally older adults and bilingual in English. The total Koyukon ethnic population was 2,300. History Jules Jetté, a French Canadian Jesuit missionary, began recording the language and culture of the Koyukon people in 1898. Considered a fluent Koyukon speaker after spending years in the region, Jetté died in 1927. He had made a significant quantity of notes on the Koyukon people, their culture and beliefs, and their language. Eliza Jones, a Koyukon, came across these manuscripts while studying, and later working, at the University of Alaska in the early 1970s. Working from Jetté's notes and in consultation with Koyukon tribal elders, Jones wrote the ''Koyukon Athabaskan Dictionary.'' It w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
