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'Ala' Al-Din Al-Kasani
'Ala' al-Din al-Kasani ( ar, علاء الدين الكاساني), known as Al-Kasani or al-Kashani, was a 12th Century Sunni Muslim Jurist who became an influential figure of the Hanafi school of Sunni jurisprudence, which has remained the most widely practiced law school in the Sunni tradition. He was nicknamed Malik al-'Ulama' ("King of the Scholars"). His major work entitled Bada'i' al-Sana'i' fi Tartib al-Shara'i' ( ar, بدائع الصنائع في ترتيب الشرائع) is one of the most important Islamic legal manuals of the Hanafi tradition. Life Early life and marriage Al-Kāsānī came from the place of Kāsān ( Kasansay, Kosonsoy) in the Ferghana and was a student of the Hanafi legal scholar 'Ala' al-Din al-Samarqandi (died 1144), who gave him his daughter Fatima al-Samarqandi, who was trained in fiqh, as a wife. As a bridal gift he was to gift her a commentary on the legal compendium of her father, Tuḥfat al-fuqahā. The book, Bada'i As-Sana'i, was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Golden Age
The Islamic Golden Age was a period of cultural, economic, and scientific flourishing in the history of Islam, traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 14th century. This period is traditionally understood to have begun during the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (786 to 809) with the inauguration of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, the world's largest city by then, where Muslim scholars and polymaths from various parts of the world with different cultural backgrounds were mandated to gather and translate all of the known world's classical knowledge into Aramaic and Arabic. The period is traditionally said to have ended with the collapse of the Abbasid caliphate due to Mongol invasions and the Siege of Baghdad in 1258. A few scholars date the end of the golden age around 1350 linking with the Timurid Renaissance, while several modern historians and scholars place the end of the Islamic Golden Age as late as the end of 15th to 16th centuries meeting with the I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunni Muslim
Sunni Islam () is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims. Its name comes from the word ''Sunnah'', referring to the tradition of Muhammad. The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagreement over the succession to Muhammad and subsequently acquired broader political significance, as well as theological and juridical dimensions. According to Sunni traditions, Muhammad left no successor and the participants of the Saqifah event appointed Abu Bakr as the next-in-line (the first caliph). This contrasts with the Shia view, which holds that Muhammad appointed his son-in-law and cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor. The adherents of Sunni Islam are referred to in Arabic as ("the people of the Sunnah and the community") or for short. In English, its doctrines and practices are sometimes called ''Sunnism'', while adherents are known as Sunni Muslims, Sunnis, Sunnites and Ahlus Sunnah. Sunni Islam is sometimes referred to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nur Ad-Din Zengi
Nūr al-Dīn Maḥmūd Zengī (; February 1118 – 15 May 1174), commonly known as Nur ad-Din (lit. "Light of the Faith" in Arabic), was a member of the Zengid dynasty, which ruled the Syria (region), Syrian province (''Shām'') of the Seljuk Empire. He reigned from 1146 to 1174. He is regarded as an important figure of the Second Crusade. War against Crusaders Nur ad-Din was the second son of Imad ad-Din Zengi, the Turkish ''atabeg'' of Aleppo and Mosul, who was a devoted enemy of the crusader presence in Syria. After the assassination of his father in 1146, Nur ad-Din and his older brother Saif ad-Din Ghazi I divided the kingdom between themselves, with Nur ad-Din governing Aleppo and Saif ad-Din Ghazi establishing himself in Mosul. The border between the two new kingdoms was formed by Khabur (Euphrates), al-Khabur River. Almost as soon as he began his rule, Nur ad-Din attacked the Principality of Antioch, seizing several castles in the north of Syria, while at the same time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mu'tazilite
Muʿtazila ( ar, المعتزلة ', English: "Those Who Withdraw, or Stand Apart", and who called themselves ''Ahl al-ʿAdl wa al-Tawḥīd'', English: "Party of ivineJustice and Oneness f God); was an Islamic group that appeared in early Islamic history and were known for their neutrality in the dispute between Alī and his opponents after the death of the third caliph, Uthman. By the 10th century CE the term had also come to refer to an Islamic school of speculative theology (kalām) that flourished in Basra and Baghdad (8th–10th century).Mutazilah ", ''''. The later Mu'tazila school developed an |
Ijtihad
''Ijtihad'' ( ; ar, اجتهاد ', ; lit. physical or mental ''effort'') is an Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning by an expert in Islamic law, or the thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty in finding a solution to a legal question. It is contrasted with ''taqlid'' (imitation, conformity to legal precedent). According to classical Sunni theory, ''ijtihad'' requires expertise in the Arabic language, theology, revealed texts, and principles of jurisprudence (''usul al-fiqh''), and is not employed where authentic and authoritative texts (Qur'an and Hadith) are considered unambiguous with regard to the question, or where there is an existing scholarly consensus (''ijma''). ''Ijtihad'' is considered to be a religious duty for those qualified to perform it. An Islamic scholar who is qualified to perform ''ijtihad'' is called as a "'' mujtahid''". Throughout the first five Islamic centuries, the practice of ''ijtihad'' continued both theoretically and practica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konya
Konya () is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province. During antiquity and into Seljuk times it was known as Iconium (), although the Seljuks also called it Darü'l-Mülk, meaning "seat of government". In 19th-century accounts of the city in English its name is usually spelt Konia or Koniah. As of 2021, the population of the Metropolitan Province was 2,277,017, making it the sixth most populous city in Turkey, and second most populous of the Central Anatolia Region, after Ankara . Of this, 1,390,051 lived in the three urban districts of Meram, Selçuklu and Karatay. Konya is served by TCDD high-speed train ( YHT) services from Istanbul and Ankara. The local airport ( Konya Havalimanı, KYA) is served by flights from Istanbul. Etymology of Iconium Konya was known in classical antiquity and during the medieval period as (''Ikónion'') in Greek (with regular Medieval Greek apheresis ''Kón ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatima Al-Samarqandi
Fatima bint Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Samarqandi () was a twelfth-century Muslim scholar and jurist. Biography Early life Fatima was born to Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Samarqandi, a preeminent Hanafi jurist who took active part in his daughter’s education. He authored the book '' Tuhfat al-Fuqaha'''. Marriage and career She married 'Ala' al-Din al-Kasani, a student of her father and an expert of fiqh. Fatima’s dowry was Al-Kasani’s book, ''Bada'i' al-Sana'i''' ''(The Most Marvellous of Beneficial Things)'', a commentary that he wrote on her father’s book, '' Tuhfat al-Fuqaha'''. Her father was so impressed by the book that he accepted it as her dowry on behalf of Ala over the kings that had asked for her hand and offered more. When her husband had any doubts and erred in issuing a fatwa, she would inform him the correct judgment and explain the reason for the mistake. Although al-Kasani was a competent jurist, Fatima corrected and edited his legal opinions. Fatima al-Sam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
'Ala' Al-Din Al-Samarqandi
The Nineteen-Day Fast is a nineteen-day period of the year during which members of the Baháʼí Faith adhere to a sunrise-to-sunset fast. Along with obligatory prayer, it is one of the greatest obligations of a Baháʼí, and its chief purpose is spiritual: to reinvigorate the soul and bring the person closer to God. The fast was instituted by the Báb, and accepted by Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith, who stated its rules in his book of laws, the ''Kitáb-i-Aqdas''. The nineteen days of fasting occur immediately before the beginning of the Baháʼí New Year, on the vernal equinox (19–21 March, depending on the year). In 2022, the first day of fasting was March 2 and the last was March 20. History The Báb, the founder of the Bábí Faith, instituted the Badíʻ calendar with 19 months of 19 days in his book the ''Persian Bayán'', and stated that the last month would be a period of fasting. The Báb stated that the true significance of the fast was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferghana
Fergana ( uz, Fargʻona/Фарғона, ), or Ferghana, is a district-level city and the capital of Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan. Fergana is about 420 km east of Tashkent, about 75 km west of Andijan, and less than 20 km from the Kyrgyzstan border. While the area has been populated for thousands of years, the modern city was founded in 1876. History Fergana first appears in written records in the 5th-century. However, archeological evidence demonstrates that the city had been populated since the Chalcolithic period. Like many other Central Asian places in the 6th and 7th-centuries, Fergana was ruled by the Western Turkic Khaganate. Although it was still predominantly inhabited by eastern Iranians, many Turks had also started to settle there. The city of Fergana was refounded in 1876 as a garrison town and colonial appendage to Margelan ( to the northwest) by the Russian Empire. It was initially named New Margelan (Новый Маргелан), then renam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kosonsoy
Kosonsoy also spelled as Kasansay ( uz, Kosonsoy / Косонсой; tg, Косонсой; russian: Касансай) or simply, Kasan, (ancient Kathan) is a city in Namangan Region, Uzbekistan. It is the seat of Kosonsoy District. Kosonsoy is named after the River "Koson" which flows from high mountains of Kyrgyzstan to Turakurgan District (Namangan Region), the word "soy" in Tajik and means a "brook". History Kosonsoy is an ancient place, its first settlements date back to times of Kushan Empire. The word "koson" came out from the word Kushan. Kosonsoy was an essential part of Kushan Empire together with ancient city Akhsikent, near Namangan Namangan (; ) is a city in eastern Uzbekistan. It is the administrative, economic, and cultural center of Namangan Region. Administratively, it is a district-level city. Namangan is located in the northern edge of the Fergana Valley, less than ... city. There are still remains of ancient Mug Castle of Kushanids in the north part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute Of Ismaili Studies
The Institute of Ismaili Studies (IIS) is a research institute in London, United Kingdom. It aims to promote the study of Muslim cultures and societies, both historical and contemporary, in order to foster a greater understanding of their relationships with other societies and faiths. It also functions as a gathering point for the Ismaili community as it endeavors to understand its own history and thought, including the often neglected fields of esoteric Islam and Shi‘ism. The institute draws upon the worldwide knowledge and experience of various institutions and scholars to create awareness through initiatives, publications, and partnerships in the field of Islamic Studies. Its library, which houses the largest-known accessible collection of Ismaili codices in the world, is a major resource in the field. In addition to its research, the IIS offers two graduate programmes: the Graduate Programme in Islamic Studies and Humanities (GPISH) and the Secondary Teacher Education Prog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suha Taji-Farouki
Suha Taji-Farouki is a specialist in modern Islamic thought. Biography Taji-Farouki completed a BA in Classical Arabic and Islamic Studies with Persian at Durham University in 1987. She obtained her PhD in Islamic Studies and Middle Eastern Politics from the University of Exeter in 1993. She is Lecturer in Modern Islam at the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exeter, and a research associate at the Institute of Ismaili Studies, London. Hizb al-Tahrir Taji-Farouki's 1996 work ''A Fundamental Quest: Hizb al-Tahrir and the Search for the Islamic Caliphate'' is the "only in-depth academic research ever conducted on the movement".Jean Francois-Mayer, Hizb ut-Tahrir, the next Al-Qaida, Really? p. 9, PSIO, Geneva 2004 Taji-Farouki was given exclusive access to an extensive range of internal Hizb al-Tahrir material and her work comprehensively documents the emergence, history, ideology, strategy and structure of the movement. Taji-Farouki is the only Western academi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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