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Oknha
''Oknha'' ( km, ឧកញ៉ា, ) is a Khmer honorific. It has different meanings depending on the period it was used. Linguistics The word means "nobleman" or "lord". The translation of "''Oknha''" is not unanimous. Leaning on the meaning of Vietnamese title "''Quốc công''", some have translated the title of ''oknha'' as "Duke" while some others favour the more mercantile version of tycoon. History ''Oknha'': the royal envoy of the Khmer Empire In premodern times, ''Oknha'' were envoys appointed by the king, who were expected to perform a wide variety of duties, take elaborate oaths of loyalty, and present the monarch with regular gifts. ''Oknha'' is one of the noble titles, above ''Preah'' ( ) and below ''Neak Oknha'' ( ). A royal title created by the Oudong monarchy (17th-19th century) The title ''Oknha'' was created during the 18th century to replace the title ''Ponhea'' ( ), which could be translated as ''Phraya'' () in Thai. The title "''Oknha''" was transform ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teng Bunma
Teng Bunma ( km, ថេង ប៊ុនម៉ា; 1941 – 17 June 2016), also written as Teng Boonma, Theng Boonma, and Theng Bunma, was one of the wealthiest businessmen in Cambodia. He was one the founders of Thai Boon Roong Group and, along with Sok Kong and Meng Retthy, he was well known as one of the “four tigers” of the Cambodian economy after the fall of the Khmer Rouge, between the 1980s-2000s. Biography Origin Teng Bunma was of Chinese Cambodian descent. Bringing Cambodia back to democracy and back to business (1990-1997) Teng Bunma was one of the first Cambodian businesspeople to invest significantly in Cambodia after the fall of the Khmer Rouge in 1979. Having spent much of his life in Thailand, like many of Cambodia’s early tycoons he began cutting informal deals with the country’s government in the 1980s, before the economy had officially opened. In the early 1990s, Teng Bunma bankrolled key battles in the continued war against the Khmer Rouge. Howe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mengly Jandy Quach
Mengly Jandy Quach ( km, គួច ម៉េងលី, ; born 25 March 1969) is a Cambodian businessman and philanthropist. He is a survivor of the Cambodian genocide. He is the founder of the Mengly J. Quach Education. Early life Quach was born in Battambang Province, Cambodia on 25 March 1969. During and after Khmer Rouge regime, Quach survived the Dangrek genocide in Dângrêk Mountains areas: after being pushed back by the Thai Royal Army, his family eventually managed to find refuge in Thailand in their second attempt to escape Cambodia. Quach and his family were resettled in the United States in 1984 from Khao-I-Dang refugee camp after the war (their first attempt was the journey to Nong Chan Refugee Camp in 1979). He was raised and educated in California. Career He attended University of California, Berkeley in 1991 for Pre-Med and received his Doctor of Medicine in General Medicine from Spartan Health Sciences University in 1998. Quach also completed his medi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suttantaprija Ind
Suttantaprija Ind ( km, សុត្តន្តប្រីជាឥន្ទ, UNGEGN: , ALA-LC: ; 22 July 1859 – 8 November 1924) was a Cambodian monk, who later became a lay '' achar'', writer, and famous poet. His title, ''Louk Oknha'', or "Lord" in English, was bestowed upon him by the King of Cambodia due to his writings, poetry skills, and extensive works in preserving Khmer literature. Biography Suttantaprija Ind was born to Mr. Bongchong Keo in Rokar Korng Village, Tonle Thom, Muk Kampoul, Kandal Province, on July 22, 1859. Ind studied Khmer literature when he was 10. When he was 15, he translated 'Prash Bakriyath', and then became a monk at Wat Pri Po for one year. He then went to study with Lok Archa Peach in Prash Tropang. When he was 18, he studied with Buddhist Professor Brak at Wat Una Lom in Phnom Penh. When he was 19, he studied with Lok Archa Sok at Wat Keo, Battambang. At age 20, he became a monk again at Wat Keo for one year, and studied in Bangkok. Afte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Protectorate Of Cambodia
The French protectorate of Cambodia ( km, ប្រទេសកម្ពុជាក្រោមអាណាព្យាបាលបារាំង; french: Protectorat français du Cambodge) refers to the Kingdom of Cambodia when it was a French protectorate within French Indochina, a collection of Southeast Asian protectorates within the French Colonial Empire. The protectorate was established in 1863 when the Cambodian King Norodom of Cambodia, Norodom requested the establishment of a French protectorate over his country, meanwhile Rattanakosin Kingdom, Siam (modern Thailand) renounced suzerainty over Cambodia and officially recognised the French protectorate on Cambodia. Cambodia was integrated into the French Indochina union in 1887 along with the French colonies and protectorates in Vietnam (French Cochinchina, Cochinchina, Annam (French protectorate), Annam and Tonkin (French protectorate), Tonkin). In 1946, Cambodia was granted self-rule within the French Union and had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honorific
An honorific is a title that conveys esteem, courtesy, or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person. Sometimes, the term "honorific" is used in a more specific sense to refer to an honorary academic title. It is also often conflated Conflation is the merging of two or more sets of information, texts, ideas, opinions, etc., into one, often in error. Conflation is often misunderstood. It originally meant to fuse or blend, but has since come to mean the same as equate, treati ... with systems of honorific speech in linguistics, which are grammatical or morphology (linguistics), morphological ways of encoding the relative social status of speakers. Honorifics can be used as prefixes or suffixes depending on the appropriate occasion and presentation in accordance with Style (form of address), style and Convention (norm), customs. Typically, honorifics are used as a Style (manner of address), style in the grammatical third Grammatical person, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambodian People's Party
The Cambodian People's Party (CPP), UNGEGN: , ALA-LC: ; is a Cambodian political party which has ruled Cambodia since 1979. Founded in 1951, it was originally known as the Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party (KPRP)., UNGEGN: , ALA-LC: ; Adopting a more revisionist view of Marxism, it allied itself with Vietnam and the Soviet Union, in contrast to the Communist Party of Kampuchea led by Pol Pot, which was pro- Chinese. After toppling the Khmer Rouge regime with the Vietnamese-backed liberation of Phnom Penh, it became the ruling party of the People's Republic of Kampuchea (1979–1989), which was later renamed the State of Cambodia (1989–1991). The party's current name was adopted during the final year of the State of Cambodia, when the party abandoned the one-party system and Marxism–Leninism. Originally rooted in communist and Marxist–Leninist ideologies, the party took on a more reformist outlook in the mid-1980s under Heng Samrin. In 1991, the CPP officia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samdech
''Samdech'' ( km, សម្តេច, Romanization of Khmer#UNGEGN, UNGEGN: ) is a Cambodian honorific bestowed by the King of Cambodia to individuals deemed to have made significant contributions to the nation. It roughly translates as "lord". It is often accompanied by a longer title; for instance, Prime Minister of Cambodia, Prime Minister Hun Sen's full title is ''Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo Hun Sen'' (meaning "Lord Supreme Military Commander Hun Sen"). Some members of the royal family and Buddhism in Cambodia, religious leaders also have "''Samdech''" as part of their title. In July 2016, the government ordered the media to use leaders' full titles. The title used to be a rarity as under Monarchy of Cambodia, King Norodom Sihanouk's first reign (1941–1955), only four politicians had received the title including Penn Nouth, Nhiek Tioulong, Son Sann, and Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum, all of whom have served as prime minister. Known recipients Monarchs Royalty Politician ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambodian Royal And Noble Titles
Cambodian usually refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Cambodia ** Cambodian people (or Khmer people) ** Cambodian language (or Khmer language) ** For citizens and nationals of Cambodia, see Demographics of Cambodia ** For languages spoken in Cambodia, see Languages of Cambodia Cambodian may also refer to: Other * Cambodian architecture * Cambodian cinema Cinema in Cambodia began in the 1950s, and many films were being screened in theaters throughout the country by the 1960s, which are regarded as the "golden age". After a near-disappearance during the Khmer Rouge regime, competition from video an ... * Cambodian culture * Cambodian cuisine * Cambodian literature * Cambodian music * Cambodian name * Cambodian nationalism * Cambodian descendants worldwide: ** Cambodian Americans ** Cambodian Australians ** Cambodian Canadians ** Cambodians in France See also * * List of Cambodians {{disambig Language and nationality disambiguation pages [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Class In Cambodia
The structure of social class in Cambodia ( km, វណ្ណៈសង្គម, link=no ) has altered several times throughout its history. The traditional hereditary elites were marginalised in the 1970s, when military leaders gained prominence, before the Khmer Rouge attempted to dramatically eliminate existing class structures in the late 1970s. Since the emergence of peace in the early 1990s, social inequality has increased in Cambodia. Pre-republican Cambodia Social strata in pre-republican Cambodia may be viewed as constituting a spectrum, with an elite group or upper class at one end and a lower class consisting of rural peasants and unskilled urban workers at the other end. The elite group was composed of high-ranking government, military, and religious leaders, characterized by high prestige, wealth, and education or by members one of the royal or noble families. Each one of the subgroups had its own internal ranking system. Before the ousting of Sihanouk in 1970, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khmer Literature
Cambodian literature ( km, អក្សរសាស្ត្រខ្មែរ, ), also Khmer literature, has a very ancient origin. Like most Southeast Asian national literatures its traditional corpus has two distinct aspects or levels: *The written literature, mostly restricted to the royal courts or the Buddhist monasteries. *The oral literature, which is based on local folklore. It is heavily influenced by Buddhism, the predominant religion, as well as by the Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharata. Ancient stone inscriptions A testimony of the antiquity of the Khmer language are the multitude of epigraphic inscriptions on stone. The first written proof that has allowed the history of the Khmer Empire to be reconstructed are those inscriptions. These writings on columns, stelae and walls throw light on the royal lineages, religious edicts, territorial conquests and internal organization of the kingdom. Buddhist texts Following the stone inscriptions, some of the oldest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tax Exemption
Tax exemption is the reduction or removal of a liability to make a compulsory payment that would otherwise be imposed by a ruling power upon persons, property, income, or transactions. Tax-exempt status may provide complete relief from taxes, reduced rates, or tax on only a portion of items. Examples include exemption of charitable organizations from property taxes and income taxes, veterans, and certain cross-border or multi-jurisdictional scenarios. Tax exemption generally refers to a statutory exception to a general rule rather than the mere absence of taxation in particular circumstances, otherwise known as an exclusion. Tax exemption also refers to removal from taxation of a particular item rather than a deduction. International duty free shopping may be termed "tax-free shopping". In tax-free shopping, the goods are permanently taken outside the jurisdiction, thus paying taxes is not necessary. Tax-free shopping is also found in ships, airplanes and other vessels traveling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Order Of Monisaraphon
The Royal Order of Monisaraphon ( km, គ្រឿងឥស្សរិយយសមុនីសារាភ័ណ្ឌ) was founded by King Sisowath of Cambodia on 1 February 1905. It is conferred for accomplishment and outstanding support in the fields of education, arts, science, literacy, or social works. History The Order of Monisaraphon (or Muni Isvarabarna): founded by King Sisowath of Cambodia on 1 February 1905 (first statutes issued 18 April 1905) and awarded in a single class limited to Cambodians, French protected subjects and other Asians. Reformed by King Norodom Sihanouk on 9 September 1948 and extended to three classes. Extended again to five classes in 1961. Awarded for services in the fields of literature and the fine arts, education, justice, administration, and science. After the Khmer Rouge period, the order was reinstituted by King Norodom Sihanouk by Royal Decree No.1095/01 on 5 October 1995.Sylvester, J. The Orders and Medals of Cambodia and Laos, 1986.Emer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
